ALMA-IM. IX. SiO outflows in massive protoclusters Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Towner A.P.M.
  2. Ginsburg A.
  3. Dell'Ova P.
  4. Gusdorf A.
  5. Bontemps S.,Csengeri T.
  6. Galvan-Madrid R.
  7. Louvet F.K.
  8. Motte F.
  9. Sanhueza P.,Stutz A.M.
  10. Bally J.
  11. Baug T.
  12. Chen H.-R.V.
  13. Cunningham N.,Fernandez-Lopez M.
  14. Liu H.-L.
  15. Lu X.
  16. Nony T.
  17. Valeille-Manet M.
  18. Wu B.,Alvarez-Gutierrez R.H.
  19. Bonfand M.
  20. Di Francesco J.
  21. Nguyen-Luong Q.,Olguin F.
  22. Whitworth A.P.
  23. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

We present a catalog of 315 protostellar outflow candidates detected in SiO J=5-4 in the ALMA-IMF Large Program, observed with ~2000au spatial resolution, 0.339km/s velocity resolution, and 2-12mJy/beam (0.18-0.8K) sensitivity. We find median outflow masses, momenta, and kinetic energies of ~0.3M_{sun}_, 4M_{sun}_km/s, and 10^45^erg, respectively. Median outflow lifetimes are 6000 yr, yielding median mass, momentum, and energy rates of dM/dt=10^-4.4^M_{sun}_/yr, dP/dt=10^-3.2^M_{sun}_km.s^-1^.yr^-1^, and dE/dt=1L_{sun}_. We analyze these outflow properties in the aggregate in each field. We find correlations between field-aggregated SiO outflow properties and total mass in cores (~3{sigma}-5{sigma}), and no correlations above 3{sigma} with clump mass, clump luminosity, or clump luminosity-to-mass ratio. We perform a linear regression analysis and find that the correlation between field-aggregated outflow mass and total clump mass-which has been previously described in the literature-may actually be mediated by the relationship between outflow mass and total mass in cores. We also find that the most massive SiO outflow in each field is typically responsible for only 15%-30% of the total outflow mass (60% upper limit). Our data agree well with the established mechanical force-bolometric luminosity relationship in the literature, and our data extend this relationship up to L>=10^6^L_{sun}_ and dP/dt>=1M_{sun}_km/s/yr. Our lack of correlation with clump L/M is inconsistent with models of protocluster formation in which all protostars start forming at the same time.

Keywords
  1. interstellar-medium
  2. molecular-physics
  3. young-stellar-objects
  4. radio-astronomy
  5. interferometry
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2024ApJ...960...48T
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History

2026-04-02T09:58:21Z
Resource record created
2026-04-02T09:58:21Z
Created
2026-05-04T07:43:19Z
Updated

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