J/ApJ/960/48ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/960/48CDSTowner A.P.M.Ginsburg A.Dell'Ova P.Gusdorf A.Bontemps S.,Csengeri T.Galvan-Madrid R.Louvet F.K.Motte F.Sanhueza P.,Stutz A.M.Bally J.Baug T.Chen H.-R.V.Cunningham N.,Fernandez-Lopez M.Liu H.-L.Lu X.Nony T.Valeille-Manet M.Wu B.,Alvarez-Gutierrez R.H.Bonfand M.Di Francesco J.Nguyen-Luong Q.,Olguin F.Whitworth A.P.2026-05-04T07:43:19Z2026-04-02T09:58:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediummolecular-physicsyoung-stellar-objectsradio-astronomyinterferometryWe present a catalog of 315 protostellar outflow candidates detected in SiO J=5-4 in the ALMA-IMF Large Program, observed with ~2000au spatial resolution, 0.339km/s velocity resolution, and 2-12mJy/beam (0.18-0.8K) sensitivity. We find median outflow masses, momenta, and kinetic energies of ~0.3M_{sun}_, 4M_{sun}_km/s, and 10^45^erg, respectively. Median outflow lifetimes are 6000 yr, yielding median mass, momentum, and energy rates of dM/dt=10^-4.4^M_{sun}_/yr, dP/dt=10^-3.2^M_{sun}_km.s^-1^.yr^-1^, and dE/dt=1L_{sun}_. We analyze these outflow properties in the aggregate in each field. We find correlations between field-aggregated SiO outflow properties and total mass in cores (~3{sigma}-5{sigma}), and no correlations above 3{sigma} with clump mass, clump luminosity, or clump luminosity-to-mass ratio. We perform a linear regression analysis and find that the correlation between field-aggregated outflow mass and total clump mass-which has been previously described in the literature-may actually be mediated by the relationship between outflow mass and total mass in cores. We also find that the most massive SiO outflow in each field is typically responsible for only 15%-30% of the total outflow mass (60% upper limit). Our data agree well with the established mechanical force-bolometric luminosity relationship in the literature, and our data extend this relationship up to L>=10^6^L_{sun}_ and dP/dt>=1M_{sun}_km/s/yr. Our lack of correlation with clump L/M is inconsistent with models of protocluster formation in which all protostars start forming at the same time.2024ApJ...960...48Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/960/48CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/321/293 : SiO production in interstellar shocks (Schilke+ 1997)J/A+A/476/1243 : Millimeter continuum mapping of Cygnus X (Motte+, 2007)J/A+A/557/A94 : SiO & HCO+ massive molecular outflows (Sanchez-Monge+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/566 : Methanol maser associated outflows (de Villiers+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A1 : Cygnus-X CO & SiO outflows datacubes (Duarte-Cabral+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A49 : APEX spectra of massive YSOs (Leurini+, 2014)J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive mol. outflows distance-limited sample (Maud+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A149 : SiO in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps (Csengeri+, 2016)J/A+A/591/A149 : Hi-GAL. inner Milky Way: +68>=l>=70 (Molinari+, 2016)J/ApJ/867/167 : High-mass outflows from the COHRS CO(3-2) survey (Li+, 2018)J/ApJS/251/20 : ALMA survey of Orion PGCCs (ALMASOP). II. (Dutta+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A38 : W43-MM1 ALMA ^12^CO(2-1) datacube (Nony+, 2020)J/A+A/662/A9 : Dense molecular cloud regions ALMA images (Ginsburg+, 2022)J/MNRAS/511/3618 : ATOMS ALMA 3 mm VII SiO clumps with ACA (Liu+, 2022)J/A+A/674/A75 : W43-MM1 and W43-MM2+MM3 ALMA datacubes (Nony+, 2023)http://www.almaimf.com/data.html : ALMA IMF homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/48https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/48GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/960/48/table2 (ALMA-IMF SiO line cube properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.588-21.62130560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/960/48/table3 (Catalog of SiO outflow candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/48/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.57831667-21.622419440.0055555555555555566/28919 29091 29101 30262 30694 41812 42172 42224 42230 42451 42455 42496https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/960/48?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/960/48/table2ALMA-IMF SiO line cube propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimarySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableBeamSynthesized beam sizearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamcharRA_ICRS[15/19] Hour of right ascension (ICRS) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDegree of declination (ICRS) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainPA[-85/88] Synthesized beam position angledegpos.posAng;instr.beamintPixel[0.08/0.2] Pixel sizearcsecphys.angSize;instr.pixelfloatSigMed[0.18/0.9] Median {sigma} for each cube in K (2)Kstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatSigMedb[2.4/15.6] Median {sigma} for each cube in mJy/beam (2)mJy/beamstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatb_SigMedb[2.2/14.3] Minimum {sigma} (2)mJy/beamstat.stdev;stat.median;stat.minfloatB_SigMedb[2.58/16.9] Maximum {sigma} (2)mJy/beamstat.stdev;stat.median;stat.maxfloatNoutNumber of Sio outflow candidates within this field (link to Table 3) and derived properties (Table C1)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/960/48/table3Catalog of SiO outflow candidatesFieldField or Clumpmeta.id.part;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/47] Outflow ID (Unique for Field)meta.id.part;meta.mainintRA_ICRS[15/19] Hour of Right Ascension (ICRS) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[1/54] Degree of Declination (ICRS) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainColorLobe Color (2)meta.notecharVmin[-156/128] Velocity range, minimum (3)km.s**-1spect.dopplerVeloc;stat.minfloatVmax[-71/194] Velocity range, maximum (3)km.s**-1spect.dopplerVeloc;stat.maxfloatVpeak[-87.1/151] Velocity peak aperture-integrated spectrum (4)km.s**-1spect.dopplerVelocfloatFpeak[6.6/13430] Peak aperture-integrated flux densitymJyphot.flux.densityfloate_Fpeak[0.6/30] Uncertainty in FpeakmJystat.error;phot.flux.densityfloatFtot[0.059/570] Total aperture- and velocity-integrated flux densityJyphot.flux.densityfloate_Ftot[0.006/30] Lower uncertainty in FtotJystat.error;stat.min;phot.flux.densityfloatE_Ftot[0.006/40] Upper uncertainty in FtotJystat.error;stat.max;phot.flux.densityfloatClassClassification (5)src.classcharJ/ApJ/960/48/tablec1Derived properties of individual outflow candidatesFieldField or Clumpmeta.id.part;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/47] Outflow ID (Unique for Field)meta.id.part;meta.mainintClassClassification (1)src.classcharNcolblue? Median column density, blue lobecm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.mediandoublenullablee_Ncolblue? Uncertainty in Ncolblue, in scaled MADcm**-2stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensitydoublenullableNcolred? Median column density, red lobecm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.mediandoublenullablee_Ncolred? Uncertainty in Ncolred, in scaled MADcm**-2stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensitydoublenullableMblue[0.003/10]? Mass, blue lobesolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mblue[0.0006/0.6]? Lower Uncertainty in MbluesolMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatnullableE_Mblue[0.0007/0.2]? Upper Uncertainty in MbluesolMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullableMred[0.003/14.1]? Mass, red lobesolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mred[0.0003/0.4]? Lower Uncertainty in MredsolMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatnullableE_Mred[0.0003/0.4]? Upper Uncertainty in MredsolMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullableMtot[0.005/14.1] Mass, totalsolMassphys.massfloate_Mtot[0.0006/0.6] Lower Uncertainty in MtotsolMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatE_Mtot[0.0006/0.4] Upper Uncertainty in MtotsolMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatPblue[0.019/402]? Momentum, blue lobekm.solMass/sphys.angMomentumfloatnullablee_Pblue[0.003/13]? Lower Uncertainty in Pbluekm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumfloatnullableE_Pblue[0.004/6]? Upper Uncertainty in Pbluekm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumfloatnullablePred[0.03/538]? Momentum, red lobekm.solMass/sphys.angMomentumfloatnullablee_Pred[0.003/9]? Lower Uncertainty in Predkm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumfloatnullableE_Pred[0.003/13]? Upper Uncertainty in Predkm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumfloatnullablePtot[0.03/538] Momentum, totalkm.solMass/sphys.angMomentumfloate_Ptot[0.004/13] Lower Uncertainty in Ptotkm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumfloatE_Ptot[0.004/13] Upper Uncertainty in Ptotkm.solMass/sstat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumfloatEblue[/2.4e+47]? Kinetic energy, ergs, blue lobe1e-07Jphys.energydoublenullablee_Eblue? Lower Uncertainty in Eblue1e-07Jstat.error;stat.min;phys.energydoublenullableE_Eblue? Upper Uncertainty in Eblue1e-07Jstat.error;stat.max;phys.energydoublenullableEred[/3.5e+47]? Kinetic energy, ergs, red lobe1e-07Jphys.energydoublenullablee_Ered? Lower Uncertainty in Ered1e-07Jstat.error;stat.min;phys.energydoublenullableE_Ered? Upper Uncertainty in Ered1e-07Jstat.error;stat.max;phys.energydoublenullableEtot[/3.5e+47] Kinetic energy, ergs, total1e-07Jphys.energydoublee_EtotLower Uncertainty in Etot1e-07Jstat.error;stat.min;phys.energydoubleE_EtotUpper Uncertainty in Etot1e-07Jstat.error;stat.max;phys.energydoubletdyn[510/70000]? Outflow dynamical time (2)yrtime.agefloatnullablee_tdyn[80/10000]? Uncertainty in tdyn (2)yrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableMdotblue[3.4e-07/0.006]? Mass flow rate, blue lobesolMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_Mdotblue[7e-08/0.001]? Lower Uncertainty in MdotbluesolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.mass.lossdoublenullableE_Mdotblue[8e-08/0.001]? Upper Uncertainty in MdotbluesolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.mass.lossdoublenullableMdotred[6e-07/0.004]? Mass flow rate, red lobesolMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_Mdotred[1e-07/0.0005]? Lower Uncertainty in MdotredsolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.mass.lossdoublenullableE_Mdotred[1e-07/0.0005]? Upper Uncertainty in MdotredsolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.mass.lossdoublenullableMdottot[1e-06/0.006]? Mass flow rate, totalsolMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_Mdottot[2e-07/0.001]? Lower Uncertainty in MdottotsolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.mass.lossdoublenullableE_Mdottot[2e-07/0.001]? Upper Uncertainty in MdottotsolMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.mass.lossdoublenullablePdotblue[1.9e-06/0.22]? Momentum supply rate, blue lobekm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Pdotblue[4e-07/0.04]? Lower Uncertainty in Pdotbluekm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumdoublenullableE_Pdotblue[4e-07/0.04]? Upper Uncertainty in Pdotbluekm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumdoublenullablePdotred[6e-06/0.17]? Momentum supply rate, red lobekm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Pdotred[1e-06/0.03]? Lower Uncertainty in Pdotredkm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumdoublenullableE_Pdotred[1e-06/0.03]? Upper Uncertainty in Pdotredkm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumdoublenullablePdottot[6e-06/0.22]? Momentum supply rate, totalkm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Pdottot[1e-06/0.04]? Lower Uncertainty in Pdottotkm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.min;phys.angMomentumdoublenullableE_Pdottot[1e-06/0.04]? Upper Uncertainty in Pdottotkm.solMass.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.max;phys.angMomentumdoublenullableEdotblue[0.001/1100]? Outflow power, blue lobesolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Edotblue[0.0002/200]? Lower Uncertainty in EdotbluesolLumstat.error;stat.min;phys.luminositydoublenullableE_Edotblue[0.0002/200]? Upper Uncertainty in EdotbluesolLumstat.error;stat.max;phys.luminositydoublenullableEdotred[0.003/900]? Outflow power, red lobesolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Edotred[0.0007/90]? Lower Uncertainty in EdotredsolLumstat.error;stat.min;phys.luminosityfloatnullableE_Edotred[0.0007/90]? Upper Uncertainty in EdotredsolLumstat.error;stat.max;phys.luminosityfloatnullableEdottot[0.003/1100]? Outflow power, totalsolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Edottot[0.0007/200]? Lower Uncertainty in EdottotsolLumstat.error;stat.min;phys.luminositydoublenullableE_Edottot[0.0007/200]? Upper Uncertainty in EdottotsolLumstat.error;stat.max;phys.luminositydoublenullable