Optical variability of ~700 low mass AGNs Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Burke C.J.
  2. Liu X.
  3. Shen Y.
  4. Phadke K.A.
  5. Yang Q.
  6. Hartley W.G.,Harrison I.
  7. Palmese A.
  8. Guo H.
  9. Zhang K.
  10. Kron R.
  11. Turner D.J.,Giles P.A.
  12. Lidman C.
  13. Chen Y.-C.
  14. Gruendl R.A.
  15. Choi A.
  16. Amon A.,Sheldon E.
  17. Aguena M.
  18. Allam S.
  19. Andrade-Oliveira F.
  20. Bacon D.
  21. Bertin E.,Brooks D.
  22. Carnero Rosell A.
  23. Carrasco Kind M.
  24. Carretero J.
  25. Conselice C.,Costanzi M.
  26. Da Costa L.N.
  27. Pereira M.E.S.
  28. Davis T.M.
  29. De Vicente J.,Desai S.
  30. Diehl H.T.
  31. Everett S.
  32. Ferrero I.
  33. Flaugher B.,Garcia-Bellido J.
  34. Gaztanaga E.
  35. Gruen D.
  36. Gschwend J.
  37. Gutierrez G.,Hinton S.R.
  38. Hollowood D.L.
  39. Honscheid K.
  40. Hoyle B.
  41. James D.J.
  42. Kuehn K.,Maia M.A.G.
  43. Marshall J.L.
  44. Menanteau F.
  45. Miquel R.
  46. Morgan R.,Paz-Chinchon F.
  47. Pieres A.
  48. Plazas Malagon A.A.
  49. Reil K.
  50. Romer A.K.,Sanchez E.
  51. Schubnell M.
  52. Serrano S.
  53. Sevilla-Noarbe I.
  54. Smith M.,Suchyta E.
  55. Tarle G.
  56. Thomas D.
  57. To C.
  58. Varga T.N.
  59. Wilkinson R.D.,(The DES Collaboration)
  60. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

We present a sample of 706, z < 1.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from optical photometric variability in three of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) deep fields (E2, C3, and X3) over an area of 4.64 deg^2^. We construct light curves using difference imaging aperture photometry for resolved sources and non- difference imaging PSF photometry for unresolved sources, respectively, and characterize the variability significance. Our DES light curves have a mean cadence of 7 d, a 6-yr baseline, and a single-epoch imaging depth of up to g ~ 24.5. Using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, we find 26 out of total 706 variable galaxies are consistent with dwarf galaxies with a reliable stellar mass estimate (M* < 10^9.5^M_{Sun}_; median photometric redshift of 0.9). We were able to constrain rapid characteristic variability time-scales (~ weeks) using the DES light curves in 15 dwarf AGN candidates (a subset of our variable AGN candidates) at a median photometric redshift of 0.4. This rapid variability is consistent with their low black hole (BH) masses. We confirm the low-mass AGN nature of one source with a high S/N optical spectrum. We publish our catalogue, optical light curves, and supplementary data, such as X-ray properties and optical spectra, when available. We measure a variable AGN fraction versus stellar mass and compare to results from a forward model. This work demonstrates the feasibility of optical variability to identify AGNs with lower BH masses in deep fields, which may be more 'pristine' analogues of supermassive BH seeds.

Keywords
  1. black-holes
  2. galaxies
  3. dwarf-galaxies
  4. active-galactic-nuclei
  5. astrometry
  6. photometry
  7. visible-astronomy
  8. stellar-masses
  9. redshifted
  10. spectroscopy
  11. infrared-astronomy
  12. x-ray-sources
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2022MNRAS.516.2736B
See also HTML
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/516/2736
IVOA Identifier IVOID
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/516/2736

Access

Web browser access HTML
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/516/2736
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/516/2736
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/516/2736
IVOA Table Access TAP
https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap
Run SQL-like queries with TAP-enabled clients (e.g., TOPCAT).
IVOA Cone Search SCS
For use with a cone search client (e.g., TOPCAT).
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table2?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table2?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table2?
IVOA Cone Search SCS
For use with a cone search client (e.g., TOPCAT).
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table3?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table3?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/516/2736/table3?

History

2025-10-06T15:44:03Z
Resource record created
2025-10-06T15:44:03Z
Created
2025-10-08T09:15:09Z
Updated

Contact

Name
CDS support team
Postal Address
CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
E-Mail
cds-question@unistra.fr