Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can often be identified in radio images as two lobes, sometimes connected to a core by a radio jet. This multicomponent morphology unfortunately creates difficulties for source finders, leading to components that are (a) separate parts of a wider whole, and (b) offset from the multiwavelength cross identification of the host galaxy. In this work we define an algorithm, DRAGNhunter, for identifying double radio sources associated with AGNs (DRAGNs) from component catalog data in the first epoch Quick Look images of the high-resolution (~3" beam size) Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). We use DRAGNhunter to construct a catalog of >17000 DRAGNs in VLASS for which contamination from spurious sources is estimated at ~11%. A "high-fidelity" sample consisting of 90% of our catalog is identified for which contamination is <3%. Host galaxies are found for ~13000 DRAGNs as well as for an additional 234,000 single-component radio sources. Using these data, we explore the properties of our DRAGNs, finding them to be typically consistent with Fanaroff-Riley class II sources and to allow us to report the discovery of 31 new giant radio galaxies identified using VLASS.