We present the observations of the ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS) in the direction of the Chamaeleon cloud complex, as well as the spectroscopic identifications of the detected X-ray sources. The main purpose of this identification program was the search for low mass pre-main sequence stars. Sixteen previously known PMS stars were detected with high confidence by ROSAT. Eight are classical T Tauri stars and eight are weak-line T Tauri stars. Seventy-seven new weak-line T Tauri stars were identified on the basis of the presence of strong Li {lambda}6707 absorption, spectral type later than F0 and chromospheric emission. We give coordinates and count rates of the X-ray sources, and present optical spectra and finding charts for the sources identified optically as new pre-main sequence stars. Optical UBV(RI)c and near-infrared JHKLM photometry for this sample of stars is also provided. In addition, 6 new dKe-dMe candidates are found among the RASS sources.