Taurus and Upper Sco brown dwarfs phot. and masses Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Bouy H.
  2. Duchene G.
  3. Strampelli G.
  4. Aguilar J.
  5. Olivares J.
  6. Palau A.,Barrado D.
  7. Raymond S.N.
  8. Huelamo N.
  9. Tamura M.
  10. Bertin E.
  11. Brandner W.,Cuillandre J.-C.
  12. Galli P.A.B.
  13. Miret-Roig N.
  14. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

Free-floating planetary mass objects -worlds that roam interstellar space untethered to a parent star-challenge conventional notions of planetary formation and migration, but also of star and brown dwarf formation. We focus on the multiplicity among free-floating planets. By virtue of their low binding energy (compared to other objects formed in these environments), these low-mass substellar binaries represent a most sensitive probe of the mechanisms at play during the star formation process. We use the Hubble Space Telescope and its Wide Field Camera 3 and the Very Large Telescope and its ERIS adaptive optics facility to search for visual companions among a sample of 77 objects members of the Upper Scorpius and Taurus young nearby associations with estimated masses in the range between approximately 6-66Mjup We report the discovery of one companion candidate around a Taurus member with a separation of 111.9+/-0.4mas, or ~18au assuming a distance of 160pc, with an estimated primary mass in the range between 3-6Mjup and a secondary mass between 2.6-5.2M_Jup_, depending on the assumed age. This corresponds to an overall binary fraction of 1.8^+2.6^_-1.3_% among low-mass brown dwarfs and free-floating planetary mass objects over the separation range >7au. Despite the limitations of small-number statistics and variations in spatial resolution and sensitivity, our results, combined with previous high-spatial-resolution surveys, suggest a notable difference in the multiplicity properties of objects below ~30-50Mjup between Upper Sco and Taurus. In Taurus, a binary fraction of 5.6^+3.2^_-2.3_% is found for objects with masses below 30Mjup, and of 7.8^+3.0^_-2.4_% for objects with masses below 50Mjup, whereas no binary were found among 80 objects over the matching luminosity range in Upper Sco, corresponding to an upper limit of >=1.2%. This difference may point to intrinsically distinct formation conditions, with warmer parental molecular clouds originally present in Upper Sco potentially inhibiting fragmentation into the lowest-mass brown dwarfs and free-floating planets compared to cooler environments such as Taurus.

Keywords
  1. stellar-associations
  2. brown-dwarfs
  3. exoplanets
  4. infrared-photometry
  5. visible-astronomy
  6. stellar-masses
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2026A&A...708A.218B
See also HTML
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A218
IVOA Identifier IVOID
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A218

Access

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https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A218
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A218
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A218
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https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablea1?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablea1?
IVOA Cone Search SCS
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https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablea2?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablea2?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablea2?
IVOA Cone Search SCS
For use with a cone search client (e.g., TOPCAT).
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec1?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec1?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec1?
IVOA Cone Search SCS
For use with a cone search client (e.g., TOPCAT).
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec2?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec2?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A218/tablec2?

History

2026-04-08T12:54:39Z
Resource record created
2026-04-08T11:55:33Z
Updated
2026-04-08T12:54:39Z
Created

Contact

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CDS support team
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