Ultraviolet spectroscopy of MWC 656 Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Mueller-Horn J.
  2. Ramachandran V.
  3. El-Badry K.
  4. Sander A.A.C.,Bodensteiner J.
  5. Gies D.R.
  6. Goetberg Y.
  7. Rivinius T.
  8. Shenar T.,Schoesser E.C.
  9. Wang L.
  10. Bieryla A.
  11. Buchhave L.A.
  12. Latham D.W.
  13. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

The Galactic Be star binary MWC 656 was long considered the only known Be star +black hole (BH) system, making it a critical benchmark for models of massive binary evolution and for the expected X-ray emission of Be+BH binaries. However, recent dynamical measurements cast doubt on the presence of a BH companion. We present new multi-epoch ultraviolet spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with high-resolution optical spectra, to reassess the nature of the companion. The far-ultraviolet spectra reveal high-ionisation features -- including prominent NV and HeII lines -- which are absent in the spectra of normal Be stars and are indicative of a hot, luminous companion. Spectral modelling shows that these features cannot originate from the Be star or from an accretion disc around a compact object. Instead, we find that the data are best explained by a hot (T_eff_~85kK), compact, hydrogen-deficient star with strong wind signatures, consistent with an intermediate-mass stripped star. Our revised orbital solution and composite spectroscopic modelling yield a companion mass of M_2_=1.48^+0.55^_-0.46_M_{sun}_, definitively ruling out a BH and disfavouring a white dwarf. MWC 656 thus joins the growing class of Be+stripped star binaries. The system's unusual properties -- including a high companion temperature and wind strength -- extend the known parameter space of such binaries. The continued absence of confirmed OBe+BH binaries in the Galaxy highlights a growing tension with population synthesis models.

Keywords
  1. spectroscopic-binary-stars
  2. spectroscopy
  3. ultraviolet-astronomy
  4. early-type-stars
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2026A&A...708A.187M
See also HTML
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A187
IVOA Identifier IVOID
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A187

Access

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https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A187
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A187
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A187
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History

2026-04-08T12:31:17Z
Resource record created
2026-04-08T12:31:17Z
Created
2026-05-04T07:43:19Z
Updated

Contact

Name
CDS support team
Postal Address
CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
E-Mail
cds-question@unistra.fr