HD 100453 disk is a prototypical companion-disk interaction system hosting a pair of spirals and a substellar companion. We present new non-coronagraphic high-contrast imaging observations of HD 100453 with V filter on SPHERE/ZIMPOL. We aim to accurately measure the reflected polarized intensity, the disk intensity, and the degree of polarization at multi-wavelength,characterize the dust properties in the disk ring and the companion-driven spiral arms, and search for the radial dependencies of dust scattering properties within the disk. We combine high-contrast imaging data of the reflected light from 0.55 to 2.2 um using the V, I', J and K s band data of ZIMPOL and IRDIS at VLT/SPHERE. For each observational epoch, we corrected for the smearing effect to derive the intrinsic disk-integrated polarized flux. We applied reference differential imaging to extract the disk intensity for V and Ks-band using star-hopping observations. We then used RADMC-3D radiative transfer modeling with a parametrized Henyey-Greenstein phase function to constrain the dust properties We derive for the integrated intrinsic polarised flux of the disk a steady increase with wavelengths from {hat}Q_{phi_/I*(V)=0.3% to {hat}Q_{phi}_/I*(K)=1.2%. We obtained the first V-band total intensity for HD 100453 with ZIMPOL star-hopping. The integrated total flux I_disk_/I*(V)=1.5% increases to I_disk_/I*(K)=4.8%. Both total intensity and the polarization fraction show red colors, and the intrinsic maximum degree of polarization increases moderately from 40% to 55%. From V to Ks band, the dominating dust in the outer disk has increasing scattering albedo and degree of polarization while the asymmetry parameter slightly decreases. The HD 100453 outer disk contains sub-micron-sized, low porosity grains/aggregates. The cavity in scattered light is not empty and is replenished with optically thin dust with maximum size <0.1um. The linear polarization is higher in the spiral region than in the other regions, suggesting different dust properties in those regions.