ALMA-ATOMS survey. Weak hot core candidates Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Li Z.-Y.
  2. Liu X.
  3. Liu T.
  4. Qin S.-L.
  5. Goldsmith P.F.
  6. Garcia P.
  7. Peng Y.,Chen L.
  8. Jiao Y.
  9. Kou Z.
  10. Li C.
  11. Zou J.
  12. Tang M.
  13. Li S.
  14. Liu M.
  15. Garay G.,Xu F.
  16. Jiao W.
  17. Luo Q.-Y.
  18. Zhang S.
  19. Gu Q.-L.
  20. Mai X.
  21. Zhang Y.-K.
  22. Weng J.,Won Lee C.
  23. Sanhueza P.
  24. Dib S.
  25. Das S.R.
  26. Tang X.
  27. Bronfman L.
  28. Gorai P.,Tatematsu K.
  29. Liu H.-L.
  30. Yang D.
  31. Zhang Z.
  32. Shen X.
  33. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

Hot cores represent critical astrophysical environments for high-mass star formation, distinguished by their rich spectra of organic molecular emission lines. Nevertheless, comprehensive statistical analyses of extensive hot core samples remain relatively scarce in current astronomical research. We aim to utilize high-angular-resolution molecular line data from the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to identify hot cores, with a particular focus on weak-emission candidates, and to provide one of the largest samples of hot core candidates to date. We propose to use spectral stacking and imaging techniques of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ALMA-ATOMS survey, including line identification and weights, segmentation of line datacubes, resampling, stacking and normalization, moment 0 maps, and data analysis, to search for hot core candidates. The molecules involved include CH_3_OH, CH_3_OCHO, C_2_H_5_CN, C_2_H_5_OH, CH_3_OCH_3_, CH_3-COCH_3_, and CH_3_CHO. We classify cores with dense emission of CH_3_OH and at least one molecule from the other six molecules as hot core candidates. In addition to the existing sample of 60 strong hot cores from the ALMA-ATOMS survey, we have detected 40 new weak candidates through stacking. All hot core candidates display compact emission from at least one of the other six COM species. For the strong sample, the stacking method provides molecular column density estimates that are consistent with previous fitting results. For the newly identified weak candidates, all species except CH_3_CHO show compact emission in the stacked image, which cannot be fully resolved spatially. These weak candidates exhibit column densities of COMs that are approximately one order of magnitude lower than the ones of the strong sample. The entire hot core sample, including the weak candidates, reveals tight correlations between the compact emission of CH_3_OH and other COM species, suggesting they may share a similar chemical environment for COMs, with CH_3_OH potentially acting as a precursor for other COMs. Among the 100 hot cores in total, 43 exhibit extended CH_3_CHO emission spatially correlated with SiO and H^13^CO^+^, suggesting that CH_3_CHO may form in widely distributed shock regions. The molecular line stacking technique is used to identify hot core candidates in this work, leading to the identification of 40 new hot core candidates. Compared to spectral line fitting methods, it is faster and more convenient, and enables weaker hot cores to be detected with greater sensitivity.

Keywords
  1. millimeter-astronomy
  2. submillimeter-astronomy
  3. spectroscopy
  4. molecular-physics
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2025A&A...697A.190L
See also HTML
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/697/A190
IVOA Identifier IVOID
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/697/A190

Access

Web browser access HTML
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A190
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A190
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A190
IVOA Table Access TAP
https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap
Run SQL-like queries with TAP-enabled clients (e.g., TOPCAT).
IVOA Cone Search SCS
For use with a cone search client (e.g., TOPCAT).
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A190/tableb2?
https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A190/tableb2?
http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A190/tableb2?

History

2025-05-20T09:36:25Z
Resource record created
2025-05-20T08:37:16Z
Updated
2025-05-20T09:36:25Z
Created

Contact

Name
CDS support team
Postal Address
CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
E-Mail
cds-question@unistra.fr