We investigate the local environmental properties of 418 supernovae (SNe) of all types using data from the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS), which includes five broad- and seven narrow-band imaging filters. Our study involves two independent analyses: 1) the Normalized Cumulative Rank (NCR) method, which utilizes all 12 single bands along with five continuum-subtracted narrow-band emission and absorption bands, and 2) simple stellar population (SSP) synthesis, where we build spectral energy distributions (SED) of the surrounding 1kpc^2^ SN environment using the 12 broad- and narrow-band filters. Improvements over previous works include: (i) the extension of the NCR technique to other filters (broad and narrow) and using a set of homogeneous data (same telescope/instrument); (ii) a correction for extinction to all bands based on the relation between the g-i color and the color excess E(B-V); and (iii) a correction for the contamination of the [NII] {lambda}6583 line that falls within the H{alpha} filter. All NCR distributions in the broad-band filters, tracing the overall light distribution in each galaxy, are similar to each other. The main difference is that type Ia, II and IIb SNe are preferably located in redder environment than the other SN types. The radial distribution of the SNe shows that type IIb SNe seem to have a preference for occurring in the inner regions of galaxies, whereas other types of SNe occur throughout the galaxy without a distinct preference for a specific location. For the H{alpha} filter we recover the sequence from SNe Ic with the highest NCR to SNe Ia with the lowest, which is interpreted as a sequence in progenitor mass and age. All core-collapse SN types are strongly correlated to the [OII] emission, which also traces SFR, following the same sequence as in H{alpha}. The NCRdistributions of the CaII triplet show a clear division between II/IIb/Ia and Ib/Ic/IIn subtypes, which is interpreted as a difference in the environmental metallicity. Regarding the SSP synthesis, we found that including the seven J-PLUS narrow filters in the fitting process has a more significant effect for the core-collapse SN environmental parameters than for SNe Ia, shifting their values towards more extincted, younger, and more star-forming environments, due to the presence of strong emission-lines and stellar absorptions in those narrow-bands.