FIFI-LS spectroscopy of Gy 3-7 in outer Galaxy Virtual Observatory Resource

Authors
  1. Le N.
  2. Karska A.
  3. Figueira M.
  4. Sewilo M.
  5. Mirocha A.
  6. Fischer C.,Kazmierczak-Barthel M.
  7. Klein R.
  8. Gawronski M.
  9. Koprowski M.
  10. Kowalczyk K.,Fischer W.J.
  11. Menten K.M.
  12. Wyrowski F.
  13. Koenig C.
  14. Kristensen L.E.
  15. Published by
    CDS
Abstract

Far-infrared line emission provides key information about the gas cooling and heating due to shocks and UV radiation associated with the early stages of sta r formation. Gas cooling via far-infrared lines might depend, however, on metallicity. We aim to quantify the far-infrared line emission, determine the spatial distribution of CO rotational temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation field, and H2 number density toward the embedded cluster Gy 3-7 in the CMa-l224 star-forming region, whose metallicity is expected to be intermediate between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Solar neighborhood. By comparing the total luminosities of CO and [OI] toward Gy 3-7 with values found for low- and high-mass protostars extending over a broad range of metallicities, we also aim to identify the possible effects of metallicity on the far-infrared line cooling within our Galaxy. We study SOFIA/FIFI-LS spectra of Gy 3-7 covering several CO transitions from J=14-13 to 31-30, the OH doublet at 79um, the [OI] 63.2 and 145.5um, and the [CII] 158um lines. The field-of-view covers a 2'x1' region with a resolution of ~7"-18". The spatial extent of CO high-J (Jup>=14) emission resembles that of the elongated 160 um continuum emission detected with Herschel, but its peaks are offset from the positions of the dense cores. The [OI] lines at 63.2um and 145.5um follow a similar pattern, but their peaks are found closer to the positions of the cores. CO transitions from J=14-13 to J=16-15 are detected throughout the cluster and show a median rotational temperature of 170+/-30K on Boltzmann diagrams. Comparison to other protostars observed with Herschel shows a good agreement with intermediate-mass sources in the inner Galaxy. Assuming an origin of the [OI] and high-J CO emission in UV-irradiated C-shocks, we obtain pre-shock H_2_ number densities of 10^4^-10^5^cm^-3^ and UV radiation field strengths of 0.1-10 Habing fields (G0). Far-IR line observations reveal on-going star formation in Gy 3-7, dominated by intermediate-mass Class 0/I young stellar objects. The ratio of molecular-to-atomic far-IR line emission shows a decreasing trend with bolometric luminosities of the protostars. However, it does not indicate that the low-metallicity has an impact on the line cooling in Gy 3-7.

Keywords
  1. young-stellar-objects
  2. infrared-photometry
  3. infrared-astronomy
  4. spectroscopy
  5. interstellar-masers
Bibliographic source Bibcode
2023A&A...674A..64L
See also HTML
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/674/A64
IVOA Identifier IVOID
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/674/A64
Document Object Identifer DOI
doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36740064

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History

2023-06-01T13:51:55Z
Resource record created
2023-06-01T13:51:55Z
Created
2023-08-25T13:21:57Z
Updated

Contact

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