This study aims to explore the relation between the physical properties of different galaxy subclasses, from red passive to blue star-forming, and their environment. Our work is based on the analysis of 31 631 VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) galaxies observed at 0.5<z<0.9. The unprecedented volume of VIPERS and the wealth of auxiliary derived data allow us to associate subclasses of the main galaxy populations with their possibly different evolutionary paths. Such a study is performed for the first time with such statistical precision. We use the results of an unsupervised clustering algorithm to distinguish 11 subclasses of VIPERS galaxies based on the multi-dimensional feature space defined by rest-frame UV to NIR colours presented in Siudek et al. (2018A&A...617A..70S). We investigate the relationship between the properties of these subclasses of galaxies and their local environment, defined as the galaxy density contrast, {delta}, derived from the 5th nearest neighbour technique. We confirm that the galaxy population-density relation is already in place at z~0.9, with the blue galaxy fraction decreasing with density, compensated by an increase of the red fraction. We demonstrate how the properties of red, green, and blue galaxy subclasses are altered as they assemble into denser regions and we attempt to interpret it in the context of their evolution. On average red galaxies in the high-density environment are larger by 28% than the ones in low-density environments. In particular, we find one group of galaxies, subclass C3, whose increase of size with time can be explained mainly as the result of mergers; for other red subclasses, mergers would not seem to play the major role (subclass C2) or play a negligible role (subclass C1). The properties of the green galaxies (subclasses C4-6) depend on whether their stellar mass is above or below a transition mass, log(Mstar/M_{sun}_)=10.6. Low-mass green (9.5<~log(Mstar/M_{sun}_)<~10.6) galaxies appear to have grown through secular processes, while in high-mass (10.6<~log(Mstar/M_{sun}_)<~11.5) green galaxies mass assembly appears to be dominated by mergers. When it comes to blue galaxies, the trend of decreasing fraction with denser environments seen for the group as a whole (subclasses C7-11) is found to be driven mostly by one (the most numerous) group of galaxies, subclass C10. These are compact low-mass galaxies with high specific star formation rates, that are preferentially found in low-density environments. However, the remaining blue galaxies (subclasses C7-9) are larger and appear in denser environments than galaxies within C10.