Of the eROSITA/eFEDS sources (Brunner et al., 2022A&A...661A...1B, Cat. J/A+A/661/A1, Paper I), 24774 of 27369 have reliable counterparts (90.5%) in the main sample and 231 of 246 sources (93.9%) have counterparts in the hard sample, including 2514 (3) sources for which a second counterpart is equally likely. By means of reliable spectra, Gaia parallaxes, and/or multi-wavelength properties, we have classified the reliable counterparts in both samples into Galactic (2695) and extragalactic sources (22079). For about 340 of the extragalactic sources , we cannot rule out the possibility that they are unresolved clusters or belong to clusters. Inspection of the distributions of the X-ray sources in various optical/IR colour-magnitude spaces reveal a rich variety of diverse classes of objects. The photometric redshifts are most reliable within the KiDS/VIKING area, where deep near-infrared data are also available. Together with the catalogues of primary and secondary counterparts to the main and hard samples of the eFEDS survey, this paper releases their multi-wavelength properties and redshifts. The CTP2 catalog lists the possible additional counterparts for about 2500 sources in the Main catalog.