J/other/RASTI/5.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RASTI/5.G46CDSMondal M.Cruz P.Jones H.R.A.Galvez-Ortiz M.C.Aguilar J.F.2026-07-27T08:42:25Z2026-07-27T09:40:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsorbitsvisible-astronomyWe present a new method for the automated classification of eclipsing binaries, into contact, detached, and semi-detached types using Kepler data. Phase-folded light curves are generated and chi-square vs. box size plots are constructed by comparing flux values to the median flux, revealing distinct class patterns. These patterns were first modelled using a polynomial damped sinusoidal function, whose period served as classification feature, achieving an overall accuracy of 86.5 percent. To capture more features and enhance accuracy, we trained a convolutional neural network, which improved the total accuracy to 90 percent, including 47 percent for the challenging semi-detached systems. However, several binaries displayed irregular chi-square signatures. To mitigate this, we incorporated simulated light curves generated with the PHOEBE algorithm, achieving 99 per cent accuracy in distinguishing contact and detached binaries. The resulting chi-square morphologies show a strong correlation with orbital period, and a subset of systems exhibit quarterly variability in their light curves and chi-square trends. We designate these as Temporally Varying systems. By measuring the normalized spread of the chi-square period across quarters, we define a statistical threshold that separates these systems from stable binaries. We reported four Temporally Varying systems not previously noted in the literature with magnetic activity that requires further investigation. Furthermore, cooler stars (late-F, G, K, and M types) display systematically higher variability than hotter stars. Cross-matching with catalogues of magnetically active stars indicates that stellar flares and starspots are the most likely causes of this enhanced variability.2026RASTI...5ag046Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/RASTI/5.G46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/RASTI/5.G46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/RASTI/5.G46/class (Full morphological classification results for Kepler eclipsing binary targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/class?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/class?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/class?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.637728137.08227080.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/RASTI/5.G46/systems (Temporally varying systems with PDS-period variability statistics and literature cross-matches)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/systems?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/systems?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/RASTI/5.G46/systems?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.990336437.67273140.0055555555555555564/922-923 933-935 944-946 5/3645-3647 3683 3704 3706 3729-3731 3760 3788-3789 3792-3793 6/14559 14567 14573 14575 14577-14579 14730-14731 14738 14744 14746 14749-14751 14792 14794-14795 14822 14828 14830 14914-14915 15044-15045 15057 15059-15062 15160-15161 15176 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/RASTI/5.G46?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/other/RASTI/5.G46/classFull morphological classification results for Kepler eclipsing binary targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongPDSClass[C D SD] Morphological class predicted by the PDS-fitting method (G1)meta.code.classcharVisualVisual morphological classification assigned by manual inspection of the phase-folded light curve (G1)src.morphcharR2? Coefficient of determination of the PDS-function fit to the normalised chi-square versus box-size curve, Higher values indicate a better fitstat.fit.paramdoublenullablePPDSPDS period in box-size units, derived from the fitted angular frequency omega as PPDS = 2*pi/omega (G2)time.perioddoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharCNN1ClassMorphological class predicted by CNN1, trained on quarter-wise Kepler chi-square curves (2)meta.code.classcharCNN1ProbC? CNN1 predicted probability for contact class C (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableCNN1ProbD? CNN1 predicted probability for detached class D (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableCNN1ProbSD? CNN1 predicted probability for semi-detached class SD (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableCNN2ClassMorphological class predicted by CNN2, trained on combined Kepler data and PHOEBE-generated synthetic data (2)meta.code.classcharCNN2ProbC? CNN2 predicted probability for contact class C (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableCNN2ProbD? CNN2 predicted probability for detached class D (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableCNN2ProbSD? CNN2 predicted probability for semi-detached class SD (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/other/RASTI/5.G46/systemsTemporally varying systems with PDS-period variability statistics and literature cross-matchesKICKepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongRefStarspotsBibcode for a match with the starspots in short-period Kepler binaries study of Balaji et al. (2015MNRAS.448..429B) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharRefWhiteFlareBibcode for a match with the white-light flares on close binaries study of Gao et al. (2016ApJS..224...37G) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharRefOConnellBibcode for a match with the O'Connell-effect binaries study of Knote et al. (2022ApJS..262...10K) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVisual[C D SD] Visual morphological classification assigned by manual inspection of the phase-folded light curve (G1)meta.code.classcharPPDSPDS period in box-size units, derived from the fitted angular frequency omega as PPDS=2*pi/omega (G2)time.perioddoublePorbOrbital period in days, adopted from the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog (Kirk et al., 2016AJ....151...68K)dtime.perioddoubledPPDSNormalised spread of the quarter-wise PDS period (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleRefFlaresBibcode for a match with the Kepler Catalog of Stellar Flares (Davenport, 2016ApJ...829...23D) (2)meta.bib.bibcodecharRefTidalRotBibcode for a match with the tidal synchronization and differential rotation study of Lurie et al. (2017AJ....154..250L) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharRefGlobalVarBibcode for a match with the global stellar variability study of Debosscher et al. (2011A&A...529A..89D) (2)meta.ref;pos.framechar