J/other/NatAs/6.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/NatAs/6.89CDSMiret-Roig N.Bouy H.Raymond S.N.Tamura M.Bertin E.Barrado D.,Olivares J.Galli A.B.P.Cuillandre J.-C.Sarro L.M.Berihuete A.,Huelamo N.2022-08-25T12:42:45Z2022-03-03T17:33:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-associationsvisible-astronomysloan-photometryinfrared-photometryproper-motionstrigonometric-parallaxThe nature and origin of free-floating planets (FFPs) are still largely unconstrained because of a lack of large homogeneous samples to enable a statistical analysis of their properties. So far, most FFPs have been discovered using indirect methods; microlensing surveys have proved particularly successful to detect these objects down to a few Earth masses. However, the ephemeral nature of microlensing events prevents any follow-up observations and individual characterization. Several studies have identified FFPs in young stellar clusters and the Galactic field but their samples are small or heterogeneous in age and origin. Here we report the discovery of between 70 and 170 FFPs (depending on the assumed age) in the region encompassing Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus, the closest young OB association to the Sun. We found an excess of FFPs by a factor of up to seven compared with core-collapse model predictions, demonstrating that other formation mechanisms may be at work. We estimate that ejection from planetary systems might have a contribution comparable to that of core collapse in the formation of FFPs. Therefore, ejections due to dynamical instabilities in giant exoplanet systems must be frequent within the first 10Myr of a system's life.2022NatAs...6...89Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/NatAs/6.89CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/6.89GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/6.89/final (Final members catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/final?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/final?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/final?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true236.847204054-25.86771212520.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/6.89/hip (HIP catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/hip?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/hip?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/hip?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true236.3493530072-19.10727853490.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/6.89/gdr2 (Gaia DR2 catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/gdr2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/gdr2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/gdr2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true251.87498188309-22.783157919110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/6.89/dance (DANCe catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/dance?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/dance?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/6.89/dance?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.834749085-28.7417522610999970.0055555555555555563/671 4/1834 2683 2769 2772-2774 5/7330 7342 7680-7682 10715 10718 10727 10731 11072-11073 11075 11084-11085 11087 11100-11102 11120-11121 6/29314 29326 29362 30732 30736 30752 42854-42855 42857-42859 42866 42878 42901-42903 42905-42907 42917-42919 42921-42923 44117 44119 44296-44297 44299 44324-44325 44327 44344-44345 44347 44412 44436-44437 44439 44488-44489 44491-44492 444968.650015785639275e-20 6.298446873438916e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/NatAs/6.89?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/other/NatAs/6.89/finalFinal members catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/3455] Member identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintGaiaDR2? Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.idnullableHIP? HIP identification numbermeta.idintnullableGDR2ID? Internal Gaia DR2 IDmeta.idintnullableDANCe? DANCe identification numbermeta.idintnullablememHIP[FT-] HIP member?meta.code.membercharmemGDR2[FT-] Gaia DR2 member?meta.code.membercharmemDANCe[FT-] DANCE member?meta.code.membercharpHIP? HIP membership probabilitystat.probabilitydoublenullablepGDR2? Gaia DR2 membership probabilitystat.probabilitydoublenullablepDANCe? Dance membership probability forstat.probabilitydoublenullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMass3Myr? Mass with 3Myr modelsolMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mass3Myr? rms uncertainty on Mass3MyrsolMassstat.errordoublenullableAV3Myr? Extinction with 3Myr modelmagphys.absorptiondoublenullablee_AV3Myr? rms uncertainty on e_AV3Myrmagstat.errordoublenullableModel3Myr3Myr model namemeta.id;stat.fitcharMass5Myr? Mass with 5MyrsolMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mass5Myr? rms uncertainty on Mass5MyrsolMassstat.errordoublenullableAV5Myr? Extinction with 5Myr modelmagphys.absorptiondoublenullablee_AV5Myr? rms uncertainty on AV5Myrmagstat.errordoublenullableModel5Myr5Myr model namemeta.id;stat.fitcharMass10Myr? Mass with of 10MyrsolMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mass10Myr? rms uncertainty on Mass10MyrsolMassstat.errordoublenullableAV10Myr? Extinction with 10Myr modelmagphys.absorptiondoublenullablee_AV10Myr? rms uncertainty on AV10Myrmagstat.errordoublenullableModel10Myr10Myr model namemeta.id;stat.fitcharDist? Distancekpcpos.distancedoublenullablee_Dist? rms uncertainty on of e_distancekpcstat.errordoublenullableJ/other/NatAs/6.89/hipHIP catalogPlx:DE[-1/1]? Correlation, Plx/DEstat.correlationfloatnullablepmRA:RA[-1/1]? Correlation, pmRA/RA*cosDEstat.correlationfloatnullablepmRA:DE[-1/1]? Correlation, pmRA/DEstat.correlationfloatnullablee_V-I? rms uncertainty on V-Imagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.VfloatnullablepmDE:DE[-1/1]? Correlation, pmDE/DEstat.correlationfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHIPHIP identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintPpin0.5Membership probability obtained with pin=0.5stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.6Membership probability obtained with pin=0.6stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.7Membership probability obtained with pin=0.7stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.8Membership probability obtained with pin=0.8stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.9Membership probability obtained with pin=0.9stat.probabilitydoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination DEJ2000degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRArms uncertainty on pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDErms uncertainty on pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatPlxTrigonometric parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_Plxrms uncertainty on Plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDE:RA[-1/1]? Correlation, DE/RA*cosDEstat.correlationnullablePlx:RA[-1/1]? Correlation, Plx/RA*cosDEstat.correlationfloatnullablepmRA:Plx[-1/1]? Correlation, pmRA/Plxpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE:RA[-1/1]? Correlation, pmDE/RA*cosDEstat.correlationfloatnullablepmDE:Plx[-1/1]? Correlation, pmDE/Plxpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablepmDE:pmRA[-1/1]? Correlation, pmDE/pmRApos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableVmagJohnson V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatBTmag? Mean BT magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_BTmag? rms uncertainty on BTmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVTmag? Mean VT magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VTmag? rms uncertainty on VTmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableB-V? Johnson B-V colour index-Vmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-V? rms uncertainty on B-Vmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BfloatnullableV-I? Johnson V-I colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatnullableHpmagMedian magnitude in Hipparcos systemmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Hpmagrms uncertainty on Hpmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoubleJ/other/NatAs/6.89/gdr2Gaia DR2 catalogGDR2IDInternal ID (Should Not be used for identification)meta.idint_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPpin0.5Membership probability obtained with pin=0.5stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.6Membership probability obtained with pin=0.6stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.7Membership probability obtained with pin=0.7stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.8Membership probability obtained with pin=0.8stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.9Membership probability obtained with pin=0.9stat.probabilitydoubleGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR2 Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RA_ICRSGaia DR2 Standard error of right ascensionmasstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDE_ICRSGaia DR2 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DE_ICRSGaia DR2 Standard error of declinationmasstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatJ/other/NatAs/6.89/danceDANCe catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDANCe[14.0/40879795.0] DANCe identification numbermeta.iddoublePpin0.5Membership probability obtained with pin=0.5stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.6Membership probability obtained with pin=0.6stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.7Membership probability obtained with pin=0.7stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.8Membership probability obtained with pin=0.8stat.probabilitydoublePpin0.9Membership probability obtained with pin=0.9stat.probabilitydoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RAJ2000rms uncertainty on RAdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DEJ2000rms uncertainty on DEdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublepmRAProper motion along RA, pm RA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRArms uncertainty on pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDErms uncertainty on pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublepmRADEcor? Correlation between proper motion in right ascension and proper motion in declinationpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablegmag? Pan-STARRS PS1 g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_gmag? rms uncertainty on gmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablermag? Pan-STARRS PS1 r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_rmag? rms uncertainty on rmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableimag? Pan-STARRS PS1 i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_imag? rms uncertainty on imagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablezmag? Pan-STARRS PS1 z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_zmag? rms uncertainty on zmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableYmag? Pan-STARRS PS1 Y magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Ymag? rms uncertainty on Ymagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableJmag? 2MASS J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag? rms uncertainty on Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableHmag? 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_Hmag? rms uncertainty on Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableKsmag? 2MASS Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_Ksmag? rms uncertainty on Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullable