J/MNRAS/529/4768ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/529/4768doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75294768CDSSchlagenhauf S.Mugrauer M.Ginski C.Buder S.Fernandez M.Bischoff R.2024-11-06T20:35:20Z2024-04-09T10:21:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsproper-motionsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxstellar-massesStellar multiplicity is a key aspect of exoplanet diversity, as the presence of more than one star in a planetary system can have both devastating and positive effects on its formation and evolution. In this paper, we present the results of a Lucky Imaging survey of 212 exoplanet host stars performed with AstraLux at CAHA 2.2m. The survey includes data from seven observing epochs between August 2015 and September 2020, and data for individual targets from four earlier observing epochs. The targets of this survey are nearby, bright, solar-like stars with high proper motions. In total, we detected 46 co-moving companions of 43 exoplanet host stars. Accordingly, this survey shows that the minimum multiplicity rate of exoplanet host stars is 20+-3%. In total, 33 binary and ten hierarchical triple star systems with exoplanets have been identified. All companions were found to have a common proper motion with the observed exoplanet host stars, and with our astrometry we even find evidence of orbital motion for 28 companions. For all targets, we determined the detection limit and explore the detection space for possible additional companions of these stars. Based on the reached detection limit, additional co-moving companions beyond the detected ones can be excluded around all observed exoplanet host stars. The increasing number of exoplanets discovered in multiple stellar systems suggests that the formation of planets in such systems is by no means rare, but common. Therefore, our study highlights the need to consider stellar multiplicity in future studies of exoplanet habitability.2024MNRAS.529.4768Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/529/4768CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)I/354 : StarHorse2, Gaia EDR3 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/529/4768GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb1 (Properties of the observed exoplanet host stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.542917-7.1991670.0055555555555555566/413 679 717 737 918 1052 1061 1292 1770 2043 2312 2472 2577 2579 2737 3121 3350 3906 3968 3979 4082 4255 4268 4321 4428 4441 4444 4574 4651 4867 4881 4913 5170 5420 5553 5556 5572 5667 5718 6006 6017 6181 6237 6298 6539 6760 6821 7272 8237 8296 8477-8478 8671 8825 8843 8862 8992 9061 9403 9482 9653 9753 9934 10079 10146 10149 10278 10380 10407 10662 11035 11267 11394 11455 11589 11636 11671 11699 11732 12030 12083 12148 12482 12502 12646 13143 13423 13439 13464 13752 14191 14276 14278 14284 14329 14412 14434 14446 14522 14525 14667 14682 14734 14744 14762 14825 14839 14918 14933 14935 14945 14948 14955 14957 14968 14993 15029 15110 15129 15174 15273 15310 15345 15848 16035 16213 16783 17266 17274 17551 17641 17731 17764 17851 17888 17954 18147 18172 18441 18539 18641 18785 18800 19619 19669 19815 20206 20338 20896 21171 21221 21223 21326 21473 21484 21838 21941 21989 22015 22309 22396 22518 22645 22654 22837 23363 23414 23583 24115 24312 24330 24428 24530 25401 25424 25593 25989 26142 26707 26727 27680 27780 27881 28044 28085 28103 28433 29520 30013 30116 30278 30378 30526 30770 31428 31541 31606 31714 31858 31874 32259 32491 32501 32561 32575 32643 36174 36453 48727 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/529/4768?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablea1Observation log (table A1 in the paper)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of exoplanet host starmeta.id;meta.maincharEpochObservation epochtime.epoch;obsnullableNFrames? Total number of taken imagesmeta.numberintnullableNsel? Number of selected imagesmeta.numberintnullableDITDetector Integration Timemstime.expofloatTITTotal Integration Timestime.expofloatEM-GainElectron Multiplication Gainstat.fit.paramintJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb1Properties of the observed exoplanet host starsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharipmagi'-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_ipmag? Error of i'-band magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableAge? AgeGyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age? Upper error of ageGyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Age[]? Lower error of ageGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of exoplanet host starmeta.id;meta.maincharNote[1/2]? Note (1)meta.noteintnullableRAJ2000Right Ascension of target (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of target (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainPlxParallaxmaspos.parallaxdoublee_PlxError of parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRAProper motion in right ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAError of Proper motion in right ascensionmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEError of proper motion in declinationmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableE_Teff? Upper error of effective temperatureKstat.error;stat.maxintnullablee_Teff[]? Lower error of effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullableE_logg? Upper error of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logg[]? Lower error of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableAV? V-band extinction estimatemagphys.absorptionfloatnullableE_AV? Upper error of V-band extinction estimatemagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_AV[]? Lower error of V-band extinction estimatemagstat.errorfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb2Effective temperature, surface gravity and V-band extinction estimate for all targets, listed in the SHC (Anders et al., 2019A&A...628A..94A, Cat. I/349, 2022A&A...658A..91A, Cat. I/354)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of exoplanet host starmeta.id;meta.maincharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffEffective temperature upper errorKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffEffective temperature lower errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintloggSurface gravitylog(cm**2.s**-1)phys.gravityfloatAVExtinction in V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatE_loggSurface gravity upper errorlog(cm**2.s**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggSurface gravity lower errorlog(cm**2.s**-1)stat.errorfloatE_AVExtinction in V band upper errormagstat.error;stat.maxfloate_AVExtinction in V band lower errormagstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tableb3Apparent i'-band magnitude and age of all targets from the literaturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of exoplanet host starmeta.id;meta.maincharipmagi' magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_ipmag? i' magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullabler_ipmagi' magnitude reference(s), in refs.dat filemeta.refcharn_r_ipmag[*] Note on ref (2)meta.notecharAge? Age (1)Gyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age? Age error upper valueGyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Age? Age error lower valueGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullabler_AgeAge reference(s), in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec1Astrometry of companions, listed in Gaia DR3sDplx? Significance of parallax differencestat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableCPM? Common proper motion indexmeta.idfloatnullablemu-rel? Differential proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;arith.difffloatnullablee_mu-rel? Error of differential proper motionmas/yrstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintrhoAngular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_rhoError of angular separationarcsecstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAError of position angledegstat.errorfloatmu-esc? Estimate of escape velocitymas/yrphys.veloc.escapefloatnullablee_mu-esc? Error of estimate of escape velocitymas/yrstat.errorfloatnullableorbit?[yes ] Is orbital motion detected?meta.codecharNameName of companionmeta.id;meta.maincharEpochObservation epochtime.epoch;obscharNote[*] *: Relative astrometry of the companion is based on Gaia DR3 astrometrymeta.notecharJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec2Astrometry of companions, not listed in Gaia DR3orbit?[yes ] Is orbital motion detected?meta.codecharEpochEpoch of observationtime.epochcharcpm?[yes ] Is common proper motion detected?meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of companionmeta.id;meta.maincharNote[1/5]? Note (1)meta.noteintnullablerhoAngular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_rho? Error of angular separationarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablePAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PA? Error of position angledegstat.errorfloatnullablesrho-co? rho significance to reject co-moving hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablesPA-co? PA significance to reject co-moving hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablesrho-bg? rho significance to reject background hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablesPA-bg? PA significance to reject background hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec3Astrometry of companions from other surveysNameName of companionmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpochEpoch of observationtime.epochcharrhoAngular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_rhoError of angular separationarcsecstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAError of position angledegstat.errorfloatRefReference for astrometrymeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec4Astrometry of comp.-candidates, listed in Gaia DR3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of companion-candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharEpochEpoch of observationyrtime.epochintrhoAngular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloatipmagi'-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatsDplxSignificance of the parallax differencestat.fit.goodnessfloatCPMCommon proper motion indexmeta.idfloatJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec5Astrometry of comp.-candidates, not listed in Gaia DR3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of companion-candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharEpochEpoch of observationtime.epochcharNote[*] *: Relative astrometry of companion candidate is based on Gaia DR3 astrometrymeta.notecharrhoAngular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_rhoError of angular separationarcsecstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAError of position angledegstat.errorfloatipmag? i'-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablesrho-co? rho significance to reject co-moving hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablesPA-co? PA significance to reject co-moving hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessintnullablesrho-bg? rho significance to reject background hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablesPA-bg? PA significance to reject background hypothesisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/529/4768/tablec6Photometry of all detected companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of companionmeta.id;meta.maincharipmagi'-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_ipmagError of i'-band magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatipMAGAbsolute i'-band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_ipMAGError of absolute i'-band magnitudemagstat.errorfloatl_Mass[~] Limit flag on massmeta.code.error;phys.masscharMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass? Error of masssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatnullableRefMass referencemeta.ref;phys.masscharJ/MNRAS/529/4768/refsReferencesBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar