J/MNRAS/521/2504ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/521/2504CDSO'Doherty T.N.Bahramian A.Miller-Jones J.C.A.Goodwin A.J.Mandel I.,Willcox R.Atri P.Strader J.2026-06-18T15:12:34Z2026-06-18T16:10:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frneutron-starsx-ray-binary-starspulsarsmultiple-starsphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-distancegalaxy-kinematicsradial-velocityproper-motionsastronomical-reference-materialsUnderstanding the natal kicks received by neutron stars (NSs) during formation is a critical component of modelling the evolution of massive binaries. Natal kicks are an integral input parameter for population synthesis codes, and have implications for the formation of double NS systems and their subsequent merger rates. However, many of the standard observational kick distributions that are used are obtained from samples created only from isolated NSs. Kick distributions derived in this way overestimate the intrinsic NS kick distribution. For NSs in binaries, we can only directly estimate the effect of the natal kick on the binary system, instead of the natal kick received by the NS itself. Here, for the first time, we present a binary kick distribution for NSs with low-mass companions. We compile a catalogue of 145 NSs in low-mass binaries with the best available constraints on proper motion, distance, and systemic radial velocity. For each binary, we use a three-dimensional approach to estimate its binary kick. We discuss the implications of these kicks on system formation, and provide a parametric model for the overall binary kick distribution, for use in future theoretical modelling work. We compare our results with other work on isolated NSs and NSs in binaries, finding that the NS kick distributions fit using only isolated pulsars underestimate the fraction of NSs that receive low kicks. We discuss the implications of our results on modelling double NS systems, and provide suggestions on how to use our results in future theoretical works.2023MNRAS.521.2504Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/521/2504CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/484/3691 : UTMOST pulsar timing programme. I. (Jankowski+, 2019)J/MNRAS/458/3341 : 42 millisecond pulsars high-precision timingJ/MNRAS/437/1791 : RMS survey: molecular observations (Urquhart+, 2014)J/MNRAS/360/974 : Proper motions of pulsars (Hobbs+, 2005)J/A+A/665/A31 : Neutron-star kicks in HMXBs with Gaia EDR3 (Fortin+, 2022)J/A+A/624/A66 : Massive runaway and walkaway stars models (Renzo+, 2019)J/A+A/469/807 : Catalogue of Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2007)J/A+A/455/1165 : Catalogue of Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2006)J/ApJ/910/160 : Fermi LAT sources observed with the GMRTJ/ApJ/876/8 : BVI LCs and radial velocities of PSR J1306-40J/ApJ/872/42 : Opt. spectroscopy of redback ms pulsar binariesJ/ApJ/872/43 : IR spectroscopy of symbiotic stars. XII. V934 HerJ/ApJ/810/85 : Observation of first Fermi-LAT sources at ParkesJ/ApJ/702/1472 : Column densities for HI, AlIII, SiIV, CIV, OVIJ/ApJS/208/17 : 2nd Fermi LAT cat. of gamma-ray pulsars (2PC) (Abdo+, 2013)J/ApJS/179/360 : Thermonuclear X-ray bursts observed by RXTE (Galloway+,2008)B/psr : ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester+, 2005)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/2504GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/521/2504/nslmxbs (Parameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each redback system)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/nslmxbs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/nslmxbs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/nslmxbs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true94.28065229.13708780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/521/2504/redbacks (Parameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each NS LMXB system)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/redbacks?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/redbacks?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/redbacks?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true155.94868420.64472390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/521/2504/blwidows (Parameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each black widow system)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/blwidows?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/blwidows?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/blwidows?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5.8203759.390050.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/521/2504/msps (Parameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each MSP system)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/msps?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/msps?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/2504/msps?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.61426444.86103170.0055555555555555566/314 653 1684 2411 4750 6051 7047 7049 7786 8022 8788 9232 9512 10050 12153 12490 12871 12875 12958 12975 13018 13035 13305 13363 13465 13750 14056 14219 14357 14375 14413 14423 14450 14452 14545 15030 15396 16901 17341 17955 18153 18520 18947 18985 19249 19306 19535 19994 20078 20552 20896 21868 22154 23380 23652 23664 25065 26203 26555 26824 27223 27543 28350 28829 28846 28849 28870 28892 28924 29180 29204 29264 29287 29402 29466 29534 29575 29831 29920 30071 30193 30299 30334 30566 30630 30653 30696 30753 30794 30968 31101 31228 31796 31902 31976 32018 32086 32160 32459 32484 33457 34034 37161 37306 37435 37940 38133 39784 39996 40345 41258 41964 42018 42140 42176 42250 42315 42467 42530 42812 42841 42916 43057 43319 43330 43531 43544 43632 43905 44088 44094 44356 44777 45618 45771 45897 45970 46237 47741 47805 48193 48882 49053https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/521/2504?format=asciiX-rayOpticalRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/521/2504/nslmxbsParameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each redback systemrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource pulsar name (Source)meta.id;meta.maincharpmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAStandard error of proper motion in right ascension direction (pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction (pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablePb? Pulsation period (PB)dtime.perioddoublenullablee_Pb? Uncertainty of Pb (PB_error)dstat.errordoublenullableRV? Radial velocity (RV)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV? Uncertainty of RV (RV_error)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablePlxParallax (parallax)maspos.parallaxdoublee_PlxUncertainty of Plx (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleD? Distance from parallax (d)kpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_D? Uncertainty of D (d_error)kpcstat.errorfloatnullablePKVPotential kick velocity quantity estimated with PKV distributions best fit (PKV) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVUpper uncertainty of PKV as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PKVLower uncertainty of PKV as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoubler_SourceLiterature references (References) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharLiu06_07Display the sample of NS LMXBs of high-mass and low-mass XRBs by Liu et al. 2007A&A...469..807L, Cat. J/A+A/469/807 and 2006A&A...455.1165L, Cat. J/A+A/455/1165meta.ref.urlcharGaiaDisplay the Gaia EDR3 and DR3 source catalogs from Gaia Collaborationmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/521/2504/redbacksParameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each NS LMXB systemPlxParallax (parallax)maspos.parallaxdoublee_PlxUncertainty of Plx (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleD? Distance from parallax (d)kpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_D? Uncertainty of D (d_error)kpcstat.errorfloatnullablePKVPotential kick velocity quantity estimated with PKV distributions best fit (PKV) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVUpper uncertainty of PKV as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharr_SourceLiterature references (References) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource pulsar name (Source)meta.id;meta.maincharpmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAStandard error of proper motion in right ascension direction (pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction (pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublePb? Pulsation period (PB)dtime.perioddoublenullablee_Pb? Uncertainty of Pb (PB_error)dstat.errordoublenullableRV? Radial velocity (RV)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV? Uncertainty of RV (RV_error)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablee_PKVLower uncertainty of PKV as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoubleStrader19Display the Opt. spectroscopy of redback ms pulsar binaries of Strader et al. 2019ApJ...872...42S, Cat. J/ApJ/872/42meta.ref.urlcharGaiaDisplay the Gaia EDR3 and DR3 source catalogs from Gaia Collaborationmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/521/2504/blwidowsParameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each black widow systemSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource pulsar name (Source)meta.id;meta.maincharpmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAStandard error of proper motion in right ascension direction (pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction (pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublePb? Pulsation period (PB)dtime.perioddoublenullablee_Pb? Uncertainty of Pb (PB_error)dstat.errordoublenullabledNE2001Distance estimate with NE2001 model (d_NE2001) (1)kpcpos.distancefloatdYMW16Distance estimate with YMW16 model (d_YMW16) (1)kpcpos.distancefloatPKVNE2001Potential kick velocity quantity estimated with NE2001 model (PKV_NE2001) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVNE2001Upper uncertainty of PKVNE2001 as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_NE2001_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PKVNE2001Lower uncertainty of PKVNE2001 as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_NE2001_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoublePKVYMW16Potential kick velocity quantity estimated with YMW16 model (PKV_YMW16) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVYMW16Upper uncertainty of PKVYMW16 as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_YMW16_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PKVYMW16Lower uncertainty of PKVYMW16 as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_YMW16_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoubler_SourceLiterature references (References) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharGaiaDisplay the Gaia EDR3 and DR3 source catalogs from Gaia Collaborationmeta.ref.urlcharJ/MNRAS/521/2504/mspsParameters used in the creation of the PKV distributions for each MSP systemrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource pulsar name (Source)meta.id;meta.maincharpmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAStandard error of proper motion in right ascension direction (pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction (pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublePb? Pulsation period (PB)dtime.perioddoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_Pb? Uncertainty of Pb (PB_error)dstat.errordoublenullabledNE2001Distance estimate with NE2001 model (d_NE2001) (1)kpcpos.distancefloatdYMW16Distance estimate with YMW16 model (d_YMW16) (1)kpcpos.distancefloatPKVNE2001Potential kick velocity quantity estimated with NE2001 model (PKV_NE2001) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVNE2001Upper uncertainty of PKVNE2001 as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_NE2001_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PKVNE2001Lower uncertainty of PKVNE2001 as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_NE2001_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoublePKVYMW16Potential kick velocity quantity estimated with YMW16 model (PKV_YMW16) (G1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoubleE_PKVYMW16Upper uncertainty of PKVYMW16 as 84.1 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_YMW16_upper_error)km/sstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PKVYMW16Lower uncertainty of PKVYMW16 as 15.9 percentiles of the PKV distribution (PKV_YMW16_lower_error)km/sstat.errordoubler_SourceLiterature references (References) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharATNFDisplay the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue from Manchester et al. 2005AJ....129.1993M, Cat. B/psrmeta.ref.urlcharGaiaDisplay the Gaia EDR3 and DR3 source catalogs from Gaia Collaborationmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main