J/MNRAS/521/148ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/521/148CDSLehmann C.Murphy M.T.Liu F.Flynn C.Smith D.Berke D.A.2026-06-12T12:36:35Z2026-06-12T13:14:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyg-starsspectroscopyvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyeffective-temperaturechemical-abundancesline-intensitiesradial-velocityphotometrystellar-distancestellar-agesstellar-activitystellar-massesabsolute-magnitudestellar-radiiThe Survey for Distant Solar Twins aims to find stars very similar to the Sun at distances of 1-4kpc, several times more distant than any currently known solar twins and analogues. The goal is to identify the best stars with which to test whether the fine-structure constant, {alpha}, varies with dark matter density in our Galaxy. Here, we use EPIC, our line-by-line differential technique, to measure the stellar parameters - effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H] - from moderate-resolution (R <~ 32000) spectra of 877 solar twin and analogue candidates (547 at 1-4kpc) observed with the High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph (HERMES) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. These are consistent with expectations for Teff and log g from photometry, and for [Fe/H] from the Besancon stellar population model. EPIC provides small enough uncertainties (~90K, 0.08dex, and 0.05dex, respectively), even at the low signal-to-noise ratios available (S/N ~> 25 per pixel), to identify 299 new solar analogues (=> 90 per cent confidence) and 20 solar twins (=> 50 per cent confidence), 206 and 12 of which are at 1-4kpc. By extending EPIC to measure line broadening and lithium abundance from HERMES spectra, and with ages derived from isochrone fitting with our stellar parameters, we identify 174 solar analogues at 1-4kpc that are relatively inactive, slowly rotating, and with no evidence of spectroscopic binarity. These are the preferred targets for follow-up spectroscopy to measure {alpha}.2023MNRAS.521..148Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/521/148CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/517/5569 : Stellar properties of Sun-like stars from SDST IIJ/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)J/MNRAS/478/4513 : GALAH Survey DR2 (Buder+, 2018)J/MNRAS/463/696 : M67 solar twins chemical compositions (Liu+, 2016)J/MNRAS/325/1365 : Solar neighbourhood metallicity distribution (Haywood+,2001)J/A+A/660/A135 : 62 Galactic open clusters abundancesJ/A+A/640/A81 : Abundances of 72 solar-type stars (Nissen+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A127 : Age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations (Casali+, 2020)J/A+A/562/A71 : Chemical abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfsJ/A+A/545/A32 : Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars (Adibekyan+, 2012)J/ApJ/808/16 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine abundancesJ/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary companions of evolved starsI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/521/148GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/521/148/table (EPIC spectroscopic measured parameters (Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) and (EW, br, RV), and computed stellar parameters with q2 algorithm (Age, M*, logL, MV, R*))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/148/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/148/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/521/148/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true227.3677144-38.52853420.0055555555555555565/11009 6/42670-42671 42682 440481.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/521/148?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/521/148/tableEPIC spectroscopic measured parameters (Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) and (EW, br, RV), and computed stellar parameters with q2 algorithm (Age, M*, logL, MV, R*)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaEDR3The ID as can be found in Gaia's early data release 3 (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2021A&A...649A...1G, Cat. I/350) (Gaia_eDR3_ID)meta.id;meta.mainTeffThe effective temperature measured by the EPIC algorithm (teff)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloate_TeffThe uncertainty of teff (err_teff)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatloggThe surface gravity measured by the EPIC algorithm (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggThe uncertainty of logg (err_logg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloat[Fe/H]The metallicity measured by the EPIC algorithm (feh)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zdoublee_[Fe/H]The uncertainty of feh (err_feh)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FedoubleSNRBThe signal-to-noise ratio in the B band (SNR_B) (1)stat.snrfloatSNRGThe signal-to-noise ratio in the G band (SNR_G) (1)stat.snrfloatSNRRThe signal-to-noise ratio in the R band (SNR_R) (1)stat.snrfloatSNRIRThe signal-to-noise ratio in the IR band (SNR_IR) (1)stat.snrfloatA(Li)The lithium abundance measured as described in Lehmann et al. (2022zndo...7332606C) (A_Li)log(Sun)phys.abunddoublee_A(Li)The uncertainty of A (Li) (err_A_Li)log(Sun)stat.errordoubleEW(Li)sigThe sigma significance with which the lithium line at 6707{AA} was detected (Li_EW_significance)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleR*mp? Stellar radius q2 output code (r_mp) (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablebrThe broadening of the reference spectrum measured as described in Lehmann et al. (2022zndo...7332606C) (br_ref)0.1nmspect.line.broaddoublee_brThe uncertainty of br (err_br_ref)0.1nmstat.errordoublebrtThe broadening of the target spectrum measured as described in Lehmann et al. (2022zndo...7332606C) (br_tar)0.1nmspect.line.broaddoublee_brtThe uncertainty of brtar (err_br_tar)0.1nmstat.errordoubleRVThe overall most likely radial velocity measurement determined by the EPIC algorithm (RV)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleRVBThe radial velocity of the B band measured by the EPIC algorithm (RV_B)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleRVVThe radial velocity of the V band measured by the EPIC algorithm (RV_V)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleRVRThe radial velocity of the R band measured by the EPIC algorithm (RV_R)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleRVIRThe radial velocity of the IR band measured by the EPIC algorithm (RV_IR)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleGmagThe G magnitude as measured by Gaia (Gmag)magphot.mag;em.optfloatVmagThe V magnitude as measured by Gaia (Vmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vdoublee_VmagThe uncertainty of Vmag (err_Vmag)magstat.error;phot.magdoublePlxThe parallax as measured by Gaia (plx)pos.parallax.trigdoublee_PlxThe uncertainty of plx (err_plx)stat.error;pos.parallaxdoublergeo[] The median distance derived from plx (r_med_geo)pcpos.distancedoubleb_rgeo[] The lower estimate of the distance derived from plx (r_lo_geo)pcpos.distance;stat.mindoubleB_rgeo[] The upper estimate of the distance derived from plx (r_hi_geo)pcpos.distance;stat.maxdoublerpgeo[] The median distance derived from plx and the photometric magnitudes (r_med_photogeo)pcpos.distancedoubleb_rpgeo[] The lower estimate of the distance derived from plx and the photometric magnitudes (r_lo_photogeo)pcpos.distance;stat.mindoubleB_rpgeo[] The upper estimate of the distance derived from plx and the photometric magnitudes (r_hi_photogeo)pcpos.distance;stat.maxdoubleFluxThe median measured flux with HERMES (MedianFlux)mJyphot.fluxfloate_FluxThe median sigma uncertainty for measurements with HERMES (MedianSigma)mJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatTeffncThe effective temperature measured by the EPIC algorithm using the initial non corrected photometric calibration (teff_nc)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloate_TeffncThe uncertainty of teff_nc (err_teff_nc)Kstat.errorfloatloggncThe surface gravity measured by the EPIC algorithm using the initial non corrected photometric calibration (logg_nc)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggncThe uncertainty of logg_nc (err_logg_nc)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordouble[Fe/H]ncThe metallicity measured by the EPIC algorithm using the initial non corrected photometric calibration (feh_nc)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fedoublee_[Fe/H]ncThe uncertainty of feh_nc (err_feh_nc)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FedoubleAgemp? Age q2 output code (age_mp) (3)Gyrtime.agefloatnullablee_Agemp? Age lower limit (1sigma) q2 output code (age_ll1s)Gyrstat.errorfloatnullableE_Agemp? Age upper limit (1sigma) q2 output code (age_ul1s)Gyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee2_Agemp? Age lower limit (2sigma) q2 output code (age_ll2s)Gyrstat.errorfloatnullableE2_Agemp? Age upper limit (2sigma) q2 output code (age_ul2s)Gyrstat.errorfloatnullableAgemean? Mean age q2 output code (age_mean) (3)Gyrmeta.code;time.agefloatnullablee_Agemean? Standard deviation of mean age Agemean q2 output code (age_std)Gyrstat.errorfloatnullableM*mp? Mass q2 output code (mass_mp) (3)solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_M*mp? Mass lower limit (1sigma) q2 output code (mass_ll1s)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableE_M*mp? Mass upper limit (1sigma) q2 output code (mass_ul1s)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee2_M*mp? Mass lower limit (2sigma) q2 output code (mass_ll2s)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableE2_M*mp? Mass upper limit (2sigma) q2 output code (mass_ul2s)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableM*mean? Mean mass q2 output code (mass_mean) (3)solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_M*mean? Standard deviation of mean age Agemean q2 output code (mass_std)solMassstat.errorfloatnullablelogLmp[]? Logarithm of stellar luminosity q2 output code (logl_mp) (3)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLmp[]? Logarithm of stellar luminosity lower limit (1sigma) q2 output code (logl_ll1s)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logLmp[]? Logarithm of stellar luminosity upper limit (1sigma) q2 output code (logl_ul1s)log(solLum)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee2_logLmp? Logarithm of stellar luminosity lower limit (2sigma) q2 output code (logl_ll2s)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableE2_logLmp? Logarithm of stellar luminosity upper limit (2sigma) q2 output code (logl_ul2s)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLmean? Logarithm of mean stellar luminosity q2 output code (logl_mean) (3)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLmean? Logarithm of standard deviation of mean stellar luminosity logLmean q2 output code (logl_std)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablevmpMag? Absolute V magnitude q2 output code (mv_mp) (3)magphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_vmpMag? Absolute V magnitude lower limit (1sigma) q2 output code (mv_ll1s)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableE_vmpMag? Absolute V magnitude upper limit (1sigma) q2 output code (mv_ul1s)magstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee2_vmpMag? Absolute V magnitude lower limit (2sigma) q2 output code (mv_ll2s)magstat.errorfloatnullableE2_vmpMag? Absolute V magnitude upper limit (2sigma) q2 output code (mv_ul2smagstat.errorfloatnullablevmeanMag? Mean absolute V visual magnitude q2 output code (mv_mean) (3)magphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_vmeanMag? Standard deviation of mean vmeanMag q2 output code (mv_std)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_R*mp? Stellar radius lower limit (1sigma) q2 output code (r_ll1s)solRadstat.errorfloatnullableE_R*mp? Stellar radius upper limit (1sigma) q2 output code (r_ul1s)solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee2_R*mp? Stellar radius lower limit (2sigma) q2 output code (r_ll2s)solRadstat.errorfloatnullableE2_R*mp? Stellar radius upper limit (2sigma) q2 output code (r_ul2s)solRadstat.errorfloatnullableR*mean? Mean stellar radius magnitude q2 output code (r_mean) (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_R*mean? Standard deviation of mean stellar radius R*mean q2 output code (r_std)solRadstat.errorfloatnullablePSTThe likelihood of a star to be a solar twin (P_ST) (4)stat.likelihooddoublePSAThe likelihood of a star to be a solar analogue (P_SA) (4)stat.likelihooddoublePSTncThe likelihood of a star to be a solar twin and using the initial non corrected photometric calibration (P_ST_nc) (4)stat.likelihooddoublePSAncThe likelihood of a star to be a solar analogue and using the initial non corrected photometric calibration (P_SA_nc) (4)stat.likelihooddoubleBuder21Display the the GALAH+ Survey DR3 of Buder et al. 2021MNRAS.506..150B, Cat. J/MNRAS/506/150meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPosition from I/350/gaiaedr3 GaiaEDR3 catalog (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from I/350/gaiaedr3 GaiaEDR3 catalog (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainLiu22Display Stellar properties of Sun-like stars from SDST II of Liu et al. 2022MNRAS.517.5569L, Cat. J/MNRAS/517/5569meta.ref.urlcharf_RVA string flag for RV measurement (RV_flag) (2)meta.codechar