J/MNRAS/520/4730ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/520/4730CDSCruz P.Cortes-Contreras M.Solano E.Rodrigo C.Minniti D.,Alonso-garcia J.Saito R.K.2026-04-27T12:55:12Z2026-04-27T11:22:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsm-starsmilky-way-galaxygalactic-centerinfrared-sourcesastrometrystellar-distanceabsolute-magnitudeeffective-temperatureastronomical-object-identificationM dwarf stars are the dominant stellar population in the Milky Way, and they are important for a wide variety of astrophysical topics. The Gaia mission has delivered a superb collection of data, nevertheless, ground-based photometric surveys are still needed to study faint objects. Therefore, the present work aims to identify and characterize M dwarf stars in the direction of the Galactic bulge using photometric data and with the help of Virtual Observatory tools. Using parallax measurements and proper motions from Gaia Data Release 3, in addition to different colour-cuts based on VISTA filters, we identify and characterize 7925 M dwarf stars in the b294 field from the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey. We performed a spectral energy distribution fitting to obtain the effective temperature for all objects using photometric information available at Virtual Observatory archives. The objects in our sample have temperatures varying from 2800-3900 K. We also search for periodic signals in VVV light curves with up to 300 epochs, approximately. As a secondary outcome, we obtain periods for 82 M dwarfs by applying two methods: the Lomb- Scargle and Phase Dispersion Minimization methods, independently. These objects, with periods ranging from 0.14-34 d, are good candidates for future ground-based follow up. Our sample has increased significantly the number of known M dwarfs in the direction of the Galactic bulge and within 500 pc, showing the importance of ground-based photometric surveys in the near-infrared.2023MNRAS.520.4730Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/520/4730CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/509/2566 : VIVACE, VIrac VAriable Classification EnsembleJ/MNRAS/504/654 : Short-period binaries in the inner VVV bulge (Botan+, 2021)J/MNRAS/457/2192 : NCJM catalog of M dwarfs (Cook+, 2016)J/MNRAS/351/1401 : RcIcZ photometry of NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2004)J/A+A/661/A147 : Galactic interstellar dust Gaia-2MASS 3D mapsJ/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbandsJ/A+A/644/A140 : VVVEXMAP-BULGE High resolution reddening map (Surot+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/A+A/624/A49 : Spectra of Earth-like planets around M-dwarfsJ/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)J/A+A/598/A92 : New ultracool subdwarfs (Lodieu+, 2017)J/A+A/571/A36 : M dwarfs in b201 tile of VVV survey (Rojas-Ayala+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A120 : 3D dust extinction in Milky Way bulge (Schultheis+, 2014)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/A+A/492/277 : Analysis of Collinder 69 stars with VOSA (Bayo+, 2008)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS starsVII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC)II/386 : VPHAS+ DR3 survey (Drew+, 2025)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+,2016)II/337 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)II/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/4730GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/520/4730/table (Photometric data and stellar properties of the M dwarf candidates from the VVV b294)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/4730/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/4730/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/4730/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5/7217 6/28880 288827.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/520/4730?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/520/4730/tablePhotometric data and stellar properties of the M dwarf candidates from the VVV b294recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEJ2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag? Calibrated magnitude in J IR band (mag_J)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Magnitude error of Jmag (emag_J)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag? Calibrated magnitude in H IR band ( (mag_H)magphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (RAJ2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainGaiaDR3GaiaEDR3 source identifier (GAIA_ID_DR3)meta.id;meta.mainZmag? Calibrated magnitude in Z IR band (mag_Z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Zmag? Magnitude error of Zmag (emag_Z)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableYmag? Calibrated magnitude in Y IR band (mag_Y)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Hmag? Magnitude error of Hmag (emag_H)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag? Calibrated magnitude in Ks IR band (mag_Ks)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? Magnitude error of Ksmag (emag_Ks)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDistStar distance (Dis)pcpos.distancedoubler_DistReference of Dist as 'Gaia' 1338 times refers to parallactic distances and 'This work' 6587 times for distances are spectro-photometric derived in this work (Ref_dis)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeffEffective temperature (Teff)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintLbolBolometric luminosity (Lbol)solLumphys.luminositydoublee_LbolError in the bolometric luminosity (eLbol)solLumstat.errordoubleRStellar radius calculated using Lbol = 4{pi}R^2^{sigma}Teff^4^ (Rad)solRadphys.size.radius;meta.modelleddoublee_RError in the stellar radius (eRad)solRadstat.errordoubleMethodIdentification method of candidates 'A' 1338 times stands for parallax i.e. section 3.1 and 'B' 6747 times stands for PM and colour-cuts i.e. section 3.2.2 (Method)meta.codecharIRFlag for stars with IR excess detected by VOSA yet to be confirmed, yes 1228 times (Flag_IR)meta.codecharlcFlag for dwarfs with processed light curve, yes 4951 times (Flag_lc)meta.codecharPFlag for dwarfs with periodic signal, yes 82 times as analyzed in section 6.2 (Flag_P)meta.codecharChi? Flag for M dwarfs with {Chi}^2^ ~ 1 as 1 20 times and {Chi}^2^ > 2 as 2 27 times (Flag_chi) (1)meta.codeintnullableGLIMPSEDisplay the Sample of GLIMPSE sources in Galactic Center of Spitzer science 2009yCat.2293....0S, Cat. II/293meta.ref.urlintnullableVPHASDisplay the VPHAS+ DR3.2 catalog of Drew et al. 2014MNRAS.440.2036D, Cat. II/386meta.ref.urlintnullableMinniti23Display the VVV ZYJHKs Catalog Data Release 4.2 of Minniti et al. 2012A&A...537A.107S, Cat. II/376meta.ref.urlchar