J/MNRAS/518/4249ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/518/4249CDSGrondin S.M.Webb J.J.Leigh N.W.C.Speagle J.S.Khalifeh R.J.2026-03-05T12:08:13Z2026-03-05T13:05:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersmilky-way-galaxyastrometryspectroscopystellar-distanceproper-motionsradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyphotometryvisible-astronomyThree-body interactions can eject stars from the core of a globular cluster, causing them to enter the Galactic halo as extra-tidal stars. While finding extra-tidal stars is imperative for understanding cluster evolution, connecting isolated extra-tidal field stars back to their birth cluster is extremely difficult. In this work, we present a new methodology consisting of high- dimensional data analysis and a particle spray code to identify extra-tidal stars of any Galactic globular cluster using M3 as a case study. Using the t-Stochastic Neighbour Embedding and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection machine learning dimensionality reduction algorithms, we first identify a set of 103 extra-tidal candidates in the APOGEE DR17 data catalogue with chemical abundances similar to M3 stars. To confirm each candidate's extra- tidal nature, we introduce corespray - a new python-based three-body particle spray code that simulates extra-tidal stars for any Galactic globular cluster. Using Gaia EDR3 proper motions and APOGEE DR17 radial velocities, we apply multivariate Gaussian modelling and an extreme deconvolution to identify the extra-tidal candidates that are more likely to be associated with a distribution of corespray-simulated M3 extra-tidal stars than the field. Through these methods, we identify 10 new high-probability extra-tidal stars produced via three-body interactions in M3. We also explore whether any of our extra-tidal candidates are consistent with being ejected from M3 through different dynamical processes. Future applications of corespray will yield better understandings of core dynamics, star formation histories, and binary fractions in globular clusters.2023MNRAS.518.4249Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/518/4249CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/494/2268 : Solar siblings search with APOGEE and Gaia DR2 (Webb+, 2020)J/MNRAS/492/1641 : APOGEE southern GCs with the BACCHUS code (Meszaros+, 2020)J/MNRAS/489/2079 : Calibration of distances with deep learning (Leung+, 2019)J/MNRAS/484/2832 : Proper motions of Milky Way globular clustersJ/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)J/ApJ/900/146 : Abundances in 2 metal-poor GCs, M53 & NGC5053 (Chun+, 2020)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/518/4249GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/518/4249/tablea1 (Spatial, kinematic and probability parameters of identified extra-tidal star around M3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/518/4249/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/518/4249/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/518/4249/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true200.58128.8880.0055555555555555565/2576 2578 2589 6/8895 8939 8942 10258 10261-10262 10264 10266 10269-10271 10278-10279 10288-10289 10293-10295 10297 10300 10302-10303 10308 10322 10337-10340 10342 10344 10346-10348 10350 10361-10362 10364 10385 10388-10389 10391 10434-10438 10440-10441 10443 10448https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/518/4249?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/518/4249/tablea1Spatial, kinematic and probability parameters of identified extra-tidal star around M3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEAPOGEE identifier 2MASS-style object name from Abdurro'uf et al. (2022ApJS..259...35A, Cat. III/286) (APOGEE_ID) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_APOGEEIndicating high-probability extra-tidal starsmeta.codecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) ({alpha})degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) ({delta})degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainDStar distance (d) (2)pcpos.distancedoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 ({mu}_{alpha}_)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction from Gaia EDR3 ({mu}_{delta}_)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleRVRadial velocity from Abdurro'uf et al. (2022ApJS..259...35A, Cat. III/286) (v_r_)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublelog(Pc/Pf)Individual extra-tidal candidate corespray probability to the probability of each candidate star belonging to the field P(f) arithmetic ratio (log (P_c_/P_f_)stat.probability;meta.modelled;arith.ratiodoubleLeung+19Display the astroNN Apogee DR14 Distance data of Leung et al. (2019MNRAS.489.2079L, Cat. J/MNRAS/489/2079).meta.ref.urlintnullableGaiaEDR3Display I/350 GaiaEDR3 datameta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar