J/MNRAS/513/1557ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/513/1557doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75131557CDSCarrillo A.Hawkins K.Jofre P.de Brito Silva D.Das P.Lucey M.2024-08-22T20:15:27Z2022-05-31T07:05:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyhalo-starschemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyUnderstanding the assembly of our Galaxy requires us to also characterize the systems that helped build it. In this work, we accomplish this by exploring the chemistry of accreted halo stars from the Gaia-Enceladus/Gaia-Sausage (GES) selected in the infrared from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Data Release 16. We use high resolution optical spectra for 62 GES stars to measure abundances in 20 elements spanning the {alpha}, Fe-peak, light, odd-Z, and notably, the neutron-capture groups of elements to understand their trends in the context of and in contrast to the Milky Way and other stellar populations. Using these derived abundances we find that the optical and the infrared abundances agree to within 0.15 dex except for O, Co, Na, Cu, and Ce. These stars have enhanced neutron- capture abundance trends compared to the Milky Way, and their [Eu/Mg] and neutron-capture abundance ratios (e.g., [Y/Eu], [Ba/Eu], [Zr/Ba], [La/Ba], and [Nd/Ba]) point to r-process enhancement and a delay in s-process enrichment. Their [{alpha}/Fe] trend is lower than the Milky Way trend for [Fe/H]>-1.5dex, similar to previous studies of GES stars and consistent with the picture that these stars formed in a system with a lower rate of star formation. This is further supported by their depleted abundances in Ni, Na, and Cu abundances, again, similar to previous studies of low-{alpha} stars with accreted origins.2022MNRAS.513.1557Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/513/1557CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/1557GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/513/1557/main (Stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of target sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/main?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/main?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/main?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true138.0733130644.148998060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/513/1557/targets (Observational properties of target sample (table 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/1557/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true138.0733130644.148998060.0055555555555555566/5226 5534 5584 5600 5677 5741 5807 5953 8440 8867 8967 9045 9154 9156 9509 9644 9646 9779 9855 9944 10308 10404 10583 10706 10935 10940 11313 13575 14586 14942 14975 15057 15122 15171 16638 16981 17796 18468 18578 19229 25880 26249 26963 27986 28247 28271 31396 42076 44309 44316 44355 47125 47168 485031.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/513/1557?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/513/1557/mainStellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of target samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinto_[Eu/Fe]Number of Eu linesmeta.numberfloatabundDisplay the individual line abundancesmeta.ref.urlcharAPOGEEObject identification from APOGEEmeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublee_TeffError in effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoubleloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggError in surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errordouble[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Error in metallicitystat.error;phys.abund.FefloatvmicroMicroturbulencekm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloate_vmicroError in microturbulencekm/sstat.errorfloat[O/Fe]? Abundance [O/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[O/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [O/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[O/Fe]Number of O linesmeta.numberfloat[Na/Fe]? Abundance [Na/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Na/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Na/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Na/Fe]Number of Na linesmeta.numberfloat[Mg/Fe]? Abundance [Mg/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Mg/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Mg/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Mg/Fe]Number of Mg linesmeta.numberfloat[Si/Fe]Abundance [Si/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Si/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Si/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Si/Fe]Number of Si linesmeta.numberfloat[Ca/Fe]Abundance [Ca/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Ca/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Ca/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Ca/Fe]Number of Ca linesmeta.numberfloat[Sc/Fe]Abundance [Sc/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Sc/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Sc/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Sc/Fe]Number of Sc linesmeta.numberfloat[V/Fe]? Abundance [V/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[V/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [V/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[V/Fe]Number of V linesmeta.numberfloat[Cr/Fe]Abundance [Cr/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Cr/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Cr/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Cr/Fe]Number of Cr linesmeta.numberfloat[Mn/Fe]? Abundance [Mn/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Mn/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Mn/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Mn/Fe]Number of Mn linesmeta.numberfloat[Co/Fe]? Abundance [Co/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Co/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Co/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Co/Fe]Number of Co linesmeta.numberfloat[Ni/Fe]Abundance [Ni/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Ni/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Ni/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Ni/Fe]Number of Ni linesmeta.numberfloat[Cu/Fe]? Abundance [Cu/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Cu/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Cu/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Cu/Fe]Number of Cu linesmeta.numberfloat[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Zn/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Zn/Fe]Number of Zn linesmeta.numberfloat[Y/Fe]? Abundance [Y/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Y/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Y/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Y/Fe]Number of Y linesmeta.numberfloat[Zr/Fe]? Abundance [Zr/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Zr/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Zr/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Zr/Fe]Number of Zr linesmeta.numberfloat[Ba/Fe]? Abundance [Ba/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ba/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Ba/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Ba/Fe]Number of Ba linesmeta.numberfloat[La/Fe]? Abundance [La/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[La/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [La/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[La/Fe]Number of La linesmeta.numberfloat[Ce/Fe]? Abundance [Ce/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ce/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Ce/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Ce/Fe]Number of Ce linesmeta.numberfloat[Nd/Fe]Abundance [Nd/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Nd/Fe]Abundance uncertainty in [Nd/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[Nd/Fe]Number of Nd linesmeta.numberfloat[Eu/Fe]? Abundance [Eu/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Eu/Fe]? Abundance uncertainty in [Eu/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/513/1557/targetsObservational properties of target sample (table 1)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEObject identification from APOGEEmeta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.idRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmagGaia G magmagphot.mag;em.optdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError in radial velocitykm/sstat.errordoublesnroptsignal-to-noise ratio in the optical spectrastat.snrdoubleJ/MNRAS/513/1557/abundIndividual line abundances (table A1)ElementElementphys.atmol.elementcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEObject identification from APOGEEmeta.id;meta.maincharlambdaWavelengthnmem.wlfloatlog(gf)Oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatEPExcitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(Abund)log(N_element)/log(N_H)phys.abundfloatJ/MNRAS/513/1557/nlteNLTE corrections calculated using https://nlte.mpia.de/gui-siuAC_secE.php (table A2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEObject identification from APOGEEmeta.id;meta.maincharC6363.85[0/30] NLTE correction for O I (6363.85nm)arith.factorintC4571.09NLTE correction for Mg I (4571.09nm)arith.factorfloatC5711.07NLTE correction for Mg I (5711.07nm)arith.factorfloatC5665.6NLTE correction for Si I (5665.6nm)arith.factorfloatC5690.47NLTE correction for Si I (5690.47nm)arith.factorfloatC5701.14NLTE correction for Si I (5701.14nm)arith.factorfloatC5708.44NLTE correction for Si I (5708.44nm)arith.factorfloatC5772.15NLTE correction for Si I (5772.15nm)arith.factorfloatC5948.541NLTE correction for Si I (5948.541nm)arith.factorfloatC4789.546NLTE correction for Cr I (4789.546nm)arith.factorfloatC4936.34NLTE correction for Cr I (4936.34nm)arith.factorfloatC4964.93NLTE correction for Cr I (4964.93nm)arith.factorfloatC5247.573NLTE correction for Cr I (5247.573nm)arith.factorfloatC5272.002NLTE correction for Cr I (5272.002nm)arith.factorfloatC5296.69NLTE correction for Cr I (5296.69nm)arith.factorfloatC5345.81NLTE correction for Cr I (5345.81nm)arith.factorfloatC5348.32NLTE correction for Cr I (5348.32nm)arith.factorfloatC5409.79NLTE correction for Cr I (5409.79nm)arith.factorfloatC4783.427NLTE correction for Mn I (4783.427nm)arith.factorfloatC4823.505NLTE correction for Mn I (4823.505nm)arith.factorfloatC5394.707NLTE correction for Mn I (5394.707nm)arith.factorfloatC5420.265NLTE correction for Mn I (5420.265nm)arith.factorfloatC5432.543NLTE correction for Mn I (5432.543nm)arith.factorfloatC6013.517NLTE correction for Mn I (6013.517nm)arith.factorfloatC6021.799NLTE correction for Mn I (6021.799nm)arith.factorfloatC5212.686NLTE correction for Co I (5212.686nm)arith.factorfloatC5301.04NLTE correction for Co I (5301.04nm)arith.factorfloatC5331.46NLTE correction for Co I (5331.46nm)arith.factorfloatC5352.05NLTE correction for Co I (5352.05nm)arith.factorfloatC5369.59NLTE correction for Co I (5369.59nm)arith.factorfloatC5530.78NLTE correction for Co I (5530.78nm)arith.factorfloatC5590.72NLTE correction for Co I (5590.72nm)arith.factorfloatC5647.23NLTE correction for Co I (5647.23nm)arith.factorfloatC5915.55NLTE correction for Co I (5915.55nm)arith.factorfloatC6771.04NLTE correction for Co I (6771.04nm)arith.factorfloat