J/MNRAS/510/4998ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/510/4998doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75104998CDSZhang C.Evans N.J.Liu T.Wu J.-W.Wang K.Liu H.-L.Zhu F.-Y.,Ren Z.-Y.Dewangan L.K.Lee C.W.Li S.Bronfman L.Tej A.Li D.2025-02-24T20:16:50Z2025-01-08T11:55:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxymolecular-cloudsmolecular-physicsradio-astronomystar-forming-regionsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyradio-sourcesastrometryphotometryspectroscopyWe report the detection of radio recombination line (RRL) H_40{alpha}_ towards 75 sources, with data obtained from ACA (Atacama Compact 7 m Array) observations in the ATOMS (ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions) survey of 146 active Galactic star-forming regions. We calculated ionized gas mass and star formation rate (SFR) with H_40{alpha}_ line emission. The mass of ionized gas is significantly smaller than molecular gas mass, indicating that ionized gas is negligible in the star-forming clumps of the ATOMS sample. The SFR estimated with RRL H_40{alpha}_ agrees well with that calculated with the total bolometric luminosity (L_bol_) when SFR => 5 M_{sun}_.Myr^-1^, suggesting that millimetre RRLs could well sample the upper part of the initial mass function and thus be good tracers of SFR. We also study the relationships between L_bol_ and the molecular line luminosities (L'_mol_) of CS J = 2-1 and HC3N J = 11-10 for all the 146 ATOMS sources. The L_bol_ - L'_mol_ correlations of both the CS J = 2-1 and HC3N J = 11-10 lines appear approximately linear and these transitions have success in predicting L_bol_ similar to that of more commonly used transitions. The L_bol_ -to- L'_mol_ ratios or SFR-to-mass ratios (star formation efficiency) do not change with galactocentric distances (R_GC_). Sources with H_40{alpha}_ emission (or H II regions) show higher L_bol_ -to- L'_mol_ ratios than those without H_40{alpha}_ emission, which may be an evolutionary effect.2022MNRAS.510.4998Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/510/4998CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/496/2790 : ATOMS I Description and a first look at G9.62+0.19J/MNRAS/496/2821 : ATOMS II Compact objects in ACA observations (Liu+, 2020)J/MNRAS/505/2801 : ATOMS Paper III, massive star-forming regions (Liu+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/510/4998GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/510/4998/table2 (Gas clumps identified in CS J = 2-1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.3867475-36.08345080.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/510/4998/table3 (Gas clumps identified in HC3N J = 11-10)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.3867475-36.08345080.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/510/4998/table4 (Gas clumps identified in H40{alpha})https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true135.4761119-47.73307750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/510/4998/table5 (Luminosities of ATOMS sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.3849583-36.0870.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/510/4998/table7 (SFRs and gas masses of ATOMS sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/510/4998/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.3867475-36.08345080.0055555555555555566/28808 28830-28831 28912-28913 28918 29090 29092 29094-29097 29101 29103 29113-29114 29461 29505 29509-29510 29529 29535 30218 30241 30243 30258-30259 30262-30263 30268-30269 30312 30316 30318 30405 30425 30605 30616 30618 37849-37850 37897 37900 38019 39246 39248 39251 39396 41597 41653-41655 41675 41677 41683 41685 41688 41697 41759 41763 41767 41778 41804-41805 41811 41813-41814 41817 41820 42158-42159 42169 42171-42172 42207 42211 42214-42215 42224-42226 42229 42376 42379 42381 42383 42387 42390 42396 42398 42436 42445 42447 42449-42451 42454-42456 42497-42498 42512 43010 43013 43021 43026https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/510/4998?format=asciiMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/510/4998/table2Gas clumps identified in CS J = 2-1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASIRAS source identifier (IHHMMm+/-DDMM) (IRAS)meta.id;meta.maincharID[1/4] Relative ID number to IRAS source identifier (ID)meta.idintOffsetRAOffset in right ascension relative to IRAS RAdeg position (OffsetRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatOffsetDEOffset in declination relative to IRAS DEdeg position (OffsetDec)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRaspThe aspect ratio is defined as the ratio between de-convolved semimajor size a and semiminor size b (r_asp_)phys.size.axisRatiofloatReffThe effective radius is defined as sqrt(ab) (R_eff_)pcphys.size.radiusfloatSpeakPeak integrated intensity (S_peak_)Jy.km.beam**-1.s**-1spect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatStotalTotal flux intensity (S_total_)Jy.km/sspect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/510/4998/table3Gas clumps identified in HC3N J = 11-10recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASIRAS source identifier (IHHMMm+/-DDMM) (IRAS)meta.id;meta.maincharID[1/5] Relative ID number to IRAS source identifier (ID)meta.idintOffsetRAOffset in right ascension relative to IRAS RAdeg position (OffsetRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatOffsetDEOffset in declination relative to IRAS DEdeg position (OffsetDec)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRaspThe aspect ratio is defined as the ratio between de-convolved semimajor size a and semiminor size b (r_asp_)phys.size.axisRatiofloatReffThe effective radius is defined as sqrt(ab) (R_eff_)pcphys.size.radiusfloatSpeakPeak integrated intensity (S_peak_)Jy.km.beam**-1.s**-1spect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatStotalTotal flux intensity (S_total_)Jy.km/sspect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/510/4998/table4Gas clumps identified in H40{alpha}recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRaspThe aspect ratio is defined as the ratio between de-convolved semimajor size a and semiminor size b (r_asp_)phys.size.axisRatiofloatReffThe effective radius is defined as sqrt(ab) (R_eff_)pcphys.size.radiusfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharIRASIRAS source identifier (IHHMMm+/-DDMM) (IRAS)meta.id;meta.maincharID[1/5] Relative ID number to IRAS source identifier (ID)meta.idintOffsetRAOffset in right ascension relative to IRAS RAdeg position (OffsetRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatOffsetDEOffset in declination relative to IRAS DEdeg position (OffsetDec)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatSpeakPeak integrated intensity (S_peak_)Jy.km.beam**-1.s**-1spect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatStotalTotal flux intensity (S_total_)Jy.km/sspect.line.intensity;em.mm.100-200GHzfloate_StotalMean error of Stotal (errS_total_)Jy.km/sstat.errorfloatlogQ0The rate of ionizations as computed with equation A5 in the section APPENDIX A From rrls to sfrs (logQ0)log(s**-1)arith.rate;phys.atmol.ionizationfloatlogneThe electron density according to equation B1 in the section APPENDIX B Derivation of electron density and ionized gas mass (logne)log(cm**-3)phys.densityfloatlogMionThe mass of ionized gas in computed with equation B2 in the section APPENDIX B Derivation of electron density and ionized gas mass (logMion)log(solMass)phys.massfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/510/4998/table5Luminosities of ATOMS sourcesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier source number (ID)meta.idintIRASIRAS source identifier (IHHMMm+/-DDMM) (IRAS)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDDistance of the source (Distance)kpcpos.distancefloatRGCGalactocentric distance (RGC)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatlogLbolLogarithm of the bolometric luminosity are calculated from integrating the whole SED (logLbol)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatlogL'CS? The molecular carbon monosulfide CS line luminosity from equation 1 of the section 3.3 The L_bol_-L'_mol_ scaling relations (logL'CS)log(K.km.s**-1.pc**-2)phys.luminosity;phys.mol;em.linefloatnullablelogL'HC3N? The molecular cyanoacetylene HC_3_N line luminosity from equation 1 of the section 3.3 The L_bol_-L'_mol_ scaling relations (logL'HC3N)log(K.km.s**-1.pc**-2)phys.luminosity;phys.mol;em.linefloatnullableJ/MNRAS/510/4998/table7SFRs and gas masses of ATOMS sourceslogMion? The mass of ionized gas in computed with equation B2 in the section APPENDIX B Derivation of electron density and ionized gas mass (logMion)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier source number (ID)meta.idintIRASIRAS source identifier (IHHMMm+/-DDMM) (IRAS)meta.id;meta.maincharlogLH40a? Logarithm of line H40{alpha} luminosity computed with equation A1 of the section APPENDIX A From rrls to sfrs (logLH40a)log(Jy.kpc**2.km.s**-1)phys.luminosity;em.linefloatnullablelogSFRbol? Logarithm of the bolometric SFR derived from the Lbol as in equation 2 of the section 4.1 SFRs (logSFRbol)log(solMass.Myr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullablelogSFRH40a? Logarithm of the H40{alpha} SFR derived as equation A6 of the section APPENDIX A From rrls to sfrs (logSFRH40a)log(solMass.Myr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullablelogMclumpLogarithm of the molecular gas in clumps from Liu et al. 2020MNRAS.496.2790L Cat. J/MNRAS/496/2790 (logMclump)log(solMass)phys.massfloat