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<ri:Resource created="2024-10-15T15:37:33Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>SNe Ia type LF study</title><shortName>J/MNRAS/509/5275</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/509/5275</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75095275</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Sharon A.</name></creator><creator><name>Kushnir D.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2025-02-12T20:12:05Z</date><date role="Created">2024-10-15T15:37:33Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>supernovae</subject><subject>galaxies</subject><subject>visible-astronomy</subject><subject>infrared-astronomy</subject><subject>broad-band-photometry</subject><subject>infrared-photometry</subject><subject>absolute-magnitude</subject><description>We construct the Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) luminosity function (LF) using the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey (BTS) catalogue. While this magnitude-limited survey has an unprecedented number of objects, it suffers from large distance uncertainties and lacks an estimation of host extinction. We bypass these issues by calculating the intrinsic luminosities from the shape parameters of the light curve's g and r bands, with the luminosities calibrated from the well observed SNe Ia sample of the Carnegie Supernova Project, allowing us to construct, for the first time, the intrinsic LF of SNe Ia. We then use a novel tight relation between the colour stretch and the synthesized 56Ni mass, MNi56, to determine the MNi56 distribution of SNe Ia. We find that the LFs are unimodal, with their peaks in line with previous results, but have a much lower rate of dim events and luminous events. We show that the features on top of the unimodal LF-derived distributions are all compatible with statistical noise, consistent with a single progenitor channel for the explosions. We further derive, for the first time, the SNe Ia distribution of host galaxy extinction, and find a mean selective extinction of E(B-V) ~= 0.1 and a non-negligible fraction with large, &gt;1mag, extinction in the optical bands. The high extinction is typical for luminous SNe, supporting their young population origin.</description><source format="bibcode">2022MNRAS.509.5275S</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/509/5275</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/869/56">J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNe Ia sample (Burns+,2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/412/1419">J/MNRAS/412/1419 : Nearby supernova rates (Leaman+, 2011)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/895/32">J/ApJ/895/32 : Zwicky Transient Facility BTS. 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Mean uncertainty of MNi56 (e_M_Ni)</description><unit>solMass</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Right Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Declination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>SimbadName</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="9*">char</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15g</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the g band (dm15g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15r</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the r band (dm15r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15r</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15r (e_dm15r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm8g</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 8 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the g band (dm8g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm8g</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm8g (e_dm8g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm30r</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 3 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the r band (dm30r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column></table><table><name>J/MNRAS/509/5275/tabled2</name><description>CSP SNe Ia Johnson filters B- and V-band colour stretches, decline rates, and luminosity parameters</description><column><name>dm30V</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 3 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the V band (dm30V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>sBV</name><description>? The colour stretch parameter s_BV_ (sBV) (2)</description><ucd>stat.fit.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_sBV</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of sgr (e_sBV)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15B</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the B band (dm15B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15B</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15B (e_dm15B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15V</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the V band (dm15V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15V</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15V (e_dm15V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm8B</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 8 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the B band (dm8B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm8B</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm8B (e_dm8B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm30V</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm30V (e_dm30V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>PeakBMag</name><description>? Peak of absolute magnitude M_B_ reported in the B band (peak_B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.magAbs</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_PeakBMag</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of PeakBMag (err_peak_B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>PeakVMag</name><description>? Peak of absolute magnitude M_V_ reported in the V band (peak_V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.magAbs</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_PeakVMag</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of PeakVMag (err_peak_V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>MNi56</name><description>? Synthesized 56Ni mass M_Ni56_ (M_Ni) (3)</description><unit>solMass</unit><ucd>phys.mass</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_MNi56</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of MNi56 (e_M_Ni)</description><unit>solMass</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>SimbadName</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="9*">char</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>SN</name><description>Supernova name (YYYYAA) (name) (1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="6*">char</dataType></column><column><name>CSP</name><description>Link to CSP SNe survey</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Right Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Declination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column></table><table><name>J/MNRAS/509/5275/tabled3</name><description>ZTF BTS SNe Ia sloan filters g- and r-band colour stretches, decline rates and luminosity parameters</description><column><name>SN</name><description>Supernova name (YYYYAAAA) (name) (1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="8*">char</dataType></column><column><name>TNS</name><description>Link to transient name server</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>sgr</name><description>? The colour stretch parameter s_gr_ (sgr) (G1)</description><ucd>stat.fit.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_sgr</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of sgr (e_sgr)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>n_sgr</name><description>The source for the sgr value (sgr_src) (G2)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="5*">char</dataType></column><column><name>dm15g</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the g band (dm15g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15g</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15g (e_dm15g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15r</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the r band (dm15r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15r</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15r (e_dm15r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm8g</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 8 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the g band (dm8g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm8g</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm8g (e_dm8g)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm30r</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 3 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the r band (dm30r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm30r</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm30r (e_dm30r)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>D</name><description>? The distance to the SNe (dist) (2)</description><unit>Mpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>LFflag</name><description>Flag indicating if the SN is within the time range of the LF (lf_flag)</description><ucd>meta.code</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>iMag</name><description>? Absolute i magnitude of the host galaxy (hostabs)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>g-i</name><description>? g - i colour of the host galaxy (hostcol)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Right Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Declination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>SimbadName</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column></table><table><name>J/MNRAS/509/5275/tabled4</name><description>LOSS SNe Ia Johnson filters B- and V-band colour stretches and decline rates</description><column><name>e_dm15V</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15V (e_dm15V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>SN</name><description>Supernova name (YYYYAA) (name) (1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="6*">char</dataType></column><column><name>LOSS</name><description>Link to SNe in Li et al. 2011MNRAS.412.1441L, Cat. J/MNRAS/412/1441</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>sBV</name><description>? The colour stretch parameter s_BV_ (sBV) (2)</description><ucd>stat.fit.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_sBV</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of sgr (e_sBV)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>n_sBV</name><description>The source for the sgr value (sgr_sBV) (3)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="5*">char</dataType></column><column><name>dm15V</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the V band (dm15V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm8B</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 8 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the B band (dm8B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm8B</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm8B (e_dm8B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm30V</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 3 and day 0 from the peak magnitude of the V band (dm30V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm30V</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm30V (e_dm30V)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>D</name><description>? The distance of the host galaxy (dist) (4)</description><unit>Mpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;src.class.starGalaxy</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Right Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Declination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>dm15B</name><description>? Magnitude difference between day 1 and day 5 from the peak magnitude of the B band (dm15B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;arith.diff;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_dm15B</name><description>? Mean uncertainty of dm15B (e_dm15B)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>SimbadName</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="9*">char</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column></table></schema></tableset></ri:Resource>