J/MNRAS/508/4952ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/508/4952doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75084952CDSDrew J.E.Monguio M.Wright N.J.2025-07-18T20:17:09Z2024-09-18T14:47:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyob-starsearly-type-starsopen-star-clustersstellar-associationsastrometryphotometryinfrared-astronomyvisible-astronomyeffective-temperatureextinctionstellar-spectral-typestrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsstellar-distanceradial-velocityIn large-scale maps of the Galactic disc, the Carina Arm stands out as a clear spiral feature, hosting prominent star clusters and associations rich in massive stars. We study the proper motions of 4199 O and early B most likely in the far Carina Arm, at distances mainly in excess of 4 kpc from the Sun, within the sky region, 282{deg}< l < 294{deg} and -3{deg} < b < +1{deg} (Galactic coordinates). The sample is constructed by extending an existing blue-selected catalogue, and cross-matching with Gaia EDR3 astrometry. The observed pattern of proper motions is modulated into a saw-tooth pattern, with full amplitude approaching 1 mas/yr, recurring roughly every 2-3 degrees of longitude (200-300 pc at the median OB-star distance of 5.8 kpc). Kinematic perturbation of underlying circular rotation is most likely present. The data also reveal a moving group containing >50 OB stars at l ~ 286{deg}, b ~ -1.4{deg} behind the main run of the far arm. An analysis of relative proper motions is performed that yields an incidence of runaway O stars of at least 10 per cent (potentially >20 per cent when full space motions become available). To map where runaways have run away from, we set up simulations for the region that assume linear trajectories and test for trajectory impact parameter in order to identify likely ejection hot spots. We find the method currently gives good results for times of flight of up to ~4 Myr. It shows convincingly that only NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2 have ejected OB stars in significant numbers. Indeed, both clusters have experienced intense spells of ejection between 0.6-0.9 and 0.5-0.8 Myr ago, respectively.2021MNRAS.508.4952Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/508/4952CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/MNRAS/465/1807 : Deep OB star population in Carina (Mohr-Smith+, 2017)II/341 : VPHAS+ DR2 survey (Drew+, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/MNRAS/486/1034 : O stars of the Galactic starburst NGC 3603 (Drew+,2019)J/A+A/624/A66 : Massive runaway and walkaway stars models (Renzo+,2019)J/A+A/530/A108 : VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (Evans+, 2011)J/ApJ/867/108 : Stellar masses and rest-frame u-g colors of SNIaJ/ApJ/903/43 : Kinematic & fundamental parameters; OB starsJ/other/NewAR/90.1549 : Catalogue of OB Associations (Wright, 2020)J/A+A/650/A112 : Mapping hot luminous stars in the Galaxy (Zari+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/4952GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/508/4952/tablea1 (*Our fits-formatted OB-candidates list of the 4199 stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true151.67768306-57.357981940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/508/4952/table2 (The five most extreme objects in the sample with extreme |{mu}_rel_|, high vt,rel>100 km/s, good parallaxes {pi}/{sigma} < 5 and trustworthy SED fits {Chi}^2^ < 7.82)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true160.8864529-58.71943260.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/508/4952/table4 (Data on candidate OB-star ejections from NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/508/4952/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true168.82626-61.272830.0055555555555555565/9309 9311 9333-9335 9340-9341 9475 9480-9482 9504 9506 9512 6/37215 37243 37329 37331 37368-37369 37897-37899 37912-37914 37932-37934 37936 38020 380221.1166583743361574e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/508/4952?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/508/4952/tablea1*Our fits-formatted OB-candidates list of the 4199 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates data in table 2 and/or table4meta.ref.urlcharIDVPHAS-OBM-NNNNN, where NNNNN is ordered by Galactic longitude and M is 1 or 2 (ID)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right Ascension VPHAS+ (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination VPHAS+ (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude (GAL_LONG)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (GAL_LAT)degpos.galactic.latdoubleumagu-band magnitude (Vega) from VPHAS+ (u)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloate_umagu-band photometric uncertainty VPHAS+ (u_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatgmagg-band magnitude (Vega) from VPHAS+ (g)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagg-band photometric uncertainty VPHAS+ (g_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatrmagr-band magnitude (Vega) from VPHAS+ (r)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmagr-band photometric uncertainty VPHAS+ (r_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatimagi-band magnitude (Vega) from VPHAS+ (i)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagi-band photometric uncertainty VPHAS+ (i_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 identifier (EDR3Name)meta.idcharJmagJ-band 2MASS magnitude (Vega) (J)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagJ-band photometric uncertainty 2MASS (J_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatHmagH-band 2MASS magnitude (Vega) (H)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagH-band photometric uncertainty 2MASS (H_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatKmagK-band 2MASS magnitude (Vega) (K)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KmagK-band photometric uncertainty 2MASS (K_err)magstat.error;phot.magfloatlogTeffEffective temperature from photometric fits (median of posterior) (logTeff)log(K)phys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTeff84Upper uncertainty on logTeff 84th percentile of posterior (logteff_eu_c)log(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effective;stat.maxdoublelogTeff16Upper uncertainty on logTeff 16th percentile of posterior (logteff_el_c)log(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effective;stat.maxdoubleA0Estimated extinction, A0, from photometric fits (median of posterior) (A0)magphys.absorptionfloatA0err84Upper uncertainty on A0 84th percentile of posterior (A0_eu)magstat.errorfloatA0err16Upper uncertainty on A0 16th percentile of posterior (A0_el)magstat.errorfloatRvPhotometric estimation for the extinction law parameter (R_V_)phys.absorptionfloatRverr84Upper uncertainty on RV 84th percentile of posterior (Rv_eu)stat.errorfloatRverr16Upper uncertainty on RV 16th percentile of posterior (Rv_el)stat.errorfloatChi2{Chi}^2^ value for photometric fit as a measure of fit quality ({Chi}^2^)stat.fit.chi2floatEMstarIndicates if star is selected as an emission line object (EM_star)src.classintNotesAlternate names of objects already in the literature (Notes)meta.idcharPlxGaia EDR3 absolute parallax at the Ep=2016.0 (Plx)maspos.parallaxdoublee_PlxUncertainty in parallax at the Ep=2016.0 (e_Plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at Ep=2016.0 (pmRA)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAUncertainty in proper motion in right ascension direction (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination direction (pmDE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEUncertainty proper motion in declination direction (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublepmRApmDEcCross-correlation term between proper motion in right ascension and proper motion in declination (pmRApmDEcor)mas/yrstat.correlationdoubleRUWERenormalized unit weight error from Gaia EDR3 (RUWE)stat.errordoubleGmagGaia G band in Vega system (Gmag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_GmagGaia G-band photometric uncertainty in Vega system (e_Gmag)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleD2.0Estimated distance (D_2.0) (1)pcpos.distancedoubleD2.0lowLower bound on distance 5th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p5)pcpos.distancedoubleD2.0highUpper bound on distance 95th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p95)pcpos.distancedoublepmGLONLongitudinal proper motion (pml)mas/yrpos.pmdoublee_pmGLONUncertainty in longitudinal proper motion (e_pml)mas/yrstat.errordoublepmGLATLatitudinal proper motion (pmb)mas/yrpos.pmdoublee_pmGLATUncertainty in latitudinal proper motion (e_pmb)mas/yrstat.errordoubleJ/MNRAS/508/4952/table2The five most extreme objects in the sample with extreme |{mu}_rel_|, high vt,rel>100 km/s, good parallaxes {pi}/{sigma} < 5 and trustworthy SED fits {Chi}^2^ < 7.82_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDVPHAS-OBM-NNNNN where NNNNN is Galactic longitude ordered sequence number taken from M17 and Gaia EDR3 (Cat) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharGLONGalactic longitude (GAL_LONG)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (GAL_LAT)degpos.galactic.latlogTeffEffective temperature from photometric fits (median of posterior) (logTeff)log(K)phys.temperature.effectivefloatChi2{Chi}^2^ value for photometric fit as a measure of fit quality ({Chi}^2^)stat.fit.chi2floatPlxAbsolute parallax {pi} ({pi})maspos.parallaxdoublePlxratioRatio {pi}/{sigma} ({pi}/{sigma})stat.fit.paramfloatD2.0Estimated distance (D_2.0) (2)kpcpos.distancefloatD2.0lowLower bound on distance 16th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p16)kpcpos.distancefloatD2.0highUpper bound on distance 84th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p84)kpcpos.distancefloatpmrelRelative to the median proper motion (|{mu}_rel_|)mas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmrelMean error on relative to the median proper motion (|{mu}_rel_|err)mas/yrstat.errorfloatVtrelRelative tangential velocities (vt,rel)km/sphys.veloc.transverseintVtrelminLower limit of the relative tangential velocities (vt,relmin)km/sphys.veloc.transverseintJ/MNRAS/508/4952/table4Data on candidate OB-star ejections from NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2D2.0Estimated distance (D_2.0) (5)kpcpos.distancefloatD2.0lowLower bound on distance 16th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p16)kpcpos.distancefloatD2.0highUpper bound on distance 84th percentile of posterior (D_2.0_p84)kpcpos.distancefloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedSpTypeSpectral type (Type) (6)src.spTypecharRun[Y/N] Object already identified as a likely runaway (Runaway) (7)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterOpen cluster name (Cluster)meta.id.parentcharIDVPHAS-OBM-NNNNN where NNNNN is Galactic longitude ordered sequence number taken from M17 and Gaia EDR3 (Cat) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharGaiaEDR3ID Gaia EDR3 (GaiaEDR3_ID)meta.idGLONGalactic longitude (GAL_LONG)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (GAL_LAT)degpos.galactic.lat|r|Modulus of the position vector between the star and adopted centre in the plane of the sky (|r|)arcminpos.cartesian.zfloatpThe impact parameter (p) (2)arcminsrc.impactParamfloate_pMean error on p (e_p)arcminstat.errorfloatpmrelRelative to the median proper motion (|{mu}_rel_|) (3)mas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmrelMean error on relative to the median proper motion (|{mu}_rel_|err)mas/yrstat.errorfloatDeltatEstimated time of flight ({Delta}t) (4)Myrtime.intervalfloate_DeltatMean error on {Delta}t (e_{Delta}t) (4)Myrstat.errorfloat