J/MNRAS/505/1342ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/505/1342doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75051342CDSMedina G.E.Lemasle B.Grebel E.K.2025-07-18T20:16:59Z2024-06-07T14:01:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersmilky-way-galaxyvisible-astronomynarrow-band-photometrystandard-starsinfrared-sourcesIn this paper, we revisit the problem of identifying bona fide cluster Cepheids by performing an all-sky search for Cepheids associated with open clusters and making use of state-of-the-art catalogued information for both Cepheids and clusters, based on the unparalleled astrometric precision of the second and early third data releases of the Gaia satellite. We determine membership probabilities by following a Bayesian approach using spatial and kinematic information of the potential cluster-Cepheid pairs. We confirm 19 Cepheid-cluster associations considered in previous studies as bona fide, and question the established cluster membership of six other associations. In addition, we identify 138 cluster Cepheid candidates of potential interest, mostly in recently discovered open clusters. We report on at least two new clusters possibly hosting more than one Cepheid. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of using open clusters hosting Cepheids to empirically determine the Cepheid period-age relation through the use of Gaia and 2MASS photometry and a semiautomated method to derive cluster ages. We conclude that the usage of cluster Cepheids as tentative probes of the period-age relations still faces difficulties due to the sparsely populated red giant branch and the stochastically sampled main-sequence turn-off of the open clusters, making age determinations a challenging task. This biases the age-datable cluster selection for Cepheid period-age studies towards older and high-mass clusters.2021MNRAS.505.1342Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/505/1342CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)J/A+A/558/A53 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. II.I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/505/1342GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/505/1342/table1 (Cluster - Cepheid pairs with membership probabilities P(A|B) > 0.10)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true160.9950997-59.57445420.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea1 (Cluster - Cepheid pairs with membership probabilities P(A|B) between 0.01 and 0.10)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.1913325-62.00022810.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea2 (Prior, likelihood and membership probability for literature combos)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true319.249572251.76630860.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea3 (Cluster - Cepheid pairs with low priors P(A), but high likelihood (P(B|A) > 0.85))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true156.3840547-58.94966560.0055555555555555565/9335 10413 10420 6/1331 1340 1385 1388 1429 1445 1935 3045 3047 3050 3054 3059 3255 3261 3263 3309 3329 3361 3599 3621 3628 3722 13288 14253 14295 14300-14301 14400 14402 14409 14424 14436 14455 14606 14616 14640 15425 15434 15437 15448 15621 21516 21635 22219 23617 23622 23629 23640-23641 23643 23650 23668 23936 23948 24347 24546 28803 28806 28808-28809 28834 28848 28874-28875 28893 28901 28912 28916 28918 29032 29081 29095 29160 29166 29461 29510-29511 29522-29523 29533 30222-30223 30245 30256 30258 30265 30694 37332-37334 37339 37362 37364-37366 37372-37373 37375 37716 37721-37722 37735 37737 37739 37741 37743 37745 37748 37849 37859 37861 37865 37871 37893 37897 37904 37915 37921-37923 37927 37929-37932 37936 37939 37963 38016 38024 38026 38048 39217 39232 39277 39289-39290 39404 39419 39771 39831 39885 39894 40580 41461 41470 41593-41595 41608 41630-41631 41660 41671 41674-41675 41677 41684 41689 41696 41748 41759 41762 41768 41778 41783 41805 41807-41810 41812 41824 41862 42153 42155 42163 42171 42212-42213 42216 42230 42394 42405 42416 42438 42441 42446 42452 42488 42500 42564 43009 43011-43012 43014 43016 43018-43019 43021 43024-43025 43040-43041 43057https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/505/1342?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/505/1342/table1Cluster - Cepheid pairs with membership probabilities P(A|B) > 0.10recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOpen cluster name (Open_cluster) (1)meta.id.parentcharMWSC? MWSC Milky-Way ID number (MWSC_ID) (1)meta.idintnullableCepheidCepheid name (Cepheid) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_Cepheid[a] Uncertain Cepheid classification, as noted by the OGLE team (Note)meta.notecharSep/r1Angular Ratio (Sep/r1) (2)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatConstrThe list of constraints used to derive the membership probability (Constraints)meta.notecharP(A)The prior P(A) probability (P_A) (3)stat.fit.goodnessfloatP(B|A)The likelihood probability (P_B|A) (4)stat.fit.goodnessfloatP(A|B)The membership probability (P_A|B) (5)stat.probabilityfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea1Cluster - Cepheid pairs with membership probabilities P(A|B) between 0.01 and 0.10NameOpen cluster name (Open_cluster) (1)meta.id.parentcharMWSC? MWSC Milky-Way ID number (MWSC_ID) (1)meta.idintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCepheidCepheid name (Cepheid) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_Cepheid[a b] Note on Cepheid name (Note) (2)meta.notecharSep/r1Angular Ratio (Sep/r1) (3)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatConstrThe list of constraints used to derive the membership probability (Constraints)meta.notecharP(A)The prior P(A) probability (P_A) (4)stat.fit.goodnessfloatP(B|A)The likelihood probability (P_B|A) (5)stat.fit.goodnessfloatP(A|B)The membership probability (P_A|B) (6)stat.probabilityfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea2Prior, likelihood and membership probability for literature combosP(A|B)The membership probability (P_A|B) (5)stat.probabilityfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintComboRemark about the combo membership (1)meta.notecharNameOpen cluster name (Open_cluster) (1)meta.id.parentcharCepheidCepheid name (Cepheid) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharSep/r1Angular Ratio (Sep/r1) (2)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatConstrThe list of constraints used to derive the membership probability (Constraints)meta.notecharP(A)The prior P(A) probability (P_A) (3)stat.fit.goodnessfloatP(B|A)The likelihood probability (P_B|A) (4)stat.fit.goodnessfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableRef.Litterature references (Reference) (6)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/505/1342/tablea3Cluster - Cepheid pairs with low priors P(A), but high likelihood (P(B|A) > 0.85)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOpen cluster name (Open_cluster) (1)meta.id.parentcharn_Name[a] Note on Cepheid name (Note) (2)meta.notecharMWSC? MWSC Milky-Way ID number (MWSC_ID) (1)meta.idintnullableCepheidCepheid name (Cepheid) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharSep/r1Angular Ratio (Sep/r1) (3)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatConstrThe list of constraints used to derive the membership probability (Constraints)meta.notecharP(B|A)The likelihood probability (P_B|A) (4)stat.fit.goodnessfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable