J/MNRAS/503/2265ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/503/2265doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75032265CDSLodieu N.Hambly N.C.Cross N.J.G.2024-08-21T20:17:27Z2021-04-06T11:37:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrysurveysstellar-associationsbrown-dwarfsWe aim at identifying very low-mass isolated planetary-mass member candidates in the nearest OB association to the Sun, Upper Scorpius (145pc; 5-10Myr), to constrain the form and shape of the luminosity function and mass spectrum in this regime. We conducted a deep multi-band (Y=21.2, J=20.5, Z=22.0mag) photometric survey of six square degrees in the central region of Upper Scorpius. We extend the current sequence of astrometric and spectroscopic members by about two magnitudes in Y and one magnitude in J, reaching potentially T-type free-floating members in the association with predicted masses below 5 Jupiter masses, well into the planetary-mass regime. We extracted a sample of 57 candidates in this area and present infrared spectroscopy confirming two of them as young L-type members with characteristic spectral features of 10Myr-old brown dwarfs. Among the 57 candidates, we highlight 10 new candidates fainter than the coolest members previously confirmed spectroscopically. We do not see any obvious sign of decrease in the mass spectrum of the association, suggesting that star processes can form substellar objects with masses down to 4-5 Jupiter masses.2021MNRAS.503.2265Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/503/2265CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)III/334 : VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) (Jarvis+, 2013)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/367 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR5 (McMahon+, 2020)J/MNRAS/435/2474 : USco ZYJHK1K2 photometry and proper motions (Lodieu+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/503/2265GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/503/2265/subaru (*Sources in the VISTA+Subaru fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/subaru?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/subaru?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/subaru?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true242.4048645-22.68036870.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/503/2265/zyj (*Sources in the VISTA ZYJ survey)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/zyj?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/zyj?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/503/2265/zyj?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true241.7248526-23.54743160.0055555555555555565/11088-11089 6/42987 42990-42991 44360-44361 443648.157980699529898e-21 4.670716440110116e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/503/2265?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/503/2265/subaru*Sources in the VISTA+Subaru fieldsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[242.39/244.1] Y2 right ascension (J2000) (RA_Y2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[-23.33/-21.81] Y2 right declination (J2000) (DEC_Y2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedY2mag[14.22/23.74] VISTA/VIRCam Y2 band magnitude (psfMag_Y2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Y2mag[0.003/0.34] Uncertainty on the Y2mag (psfMagErr_Y2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatY2sharp[-0.5/0.5] Y2 sharpness (sharp_Y2)stat.fit.paramfloatY2Chi2[0.269/3] Y2 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_Y2)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatRAJ1deg[242.39/244.1] J1 right ascension (RA_J1)degpos.eq.raDEJ1deg[-23.33/-21.81] J1 declination (DEC_J1)degpos.eq.decJ1mag[13.9/22.83] VISTA/VIRCam J1 band magnitude (psfMag_J1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_J1mag[0.003/0.54] Uncertainty on the J1mag (psfMagErr_J1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatJ1sharp[-0.5/0.5] J1 sharpness (sharp_J1)stat.fit.paramfloatJ1chi2[0.19/3] J1 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_J1)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatpmRA[-717.64/721.6] Proper motion in right ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE) (pmRA)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDE[-700.4/708.12] Proper motion in declination (pmDEC)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleSepY2J1[0/3] Separation between Y2 and J1 coordinates (Sep_Y2_J1)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatRAZ1deg[242.39/244.1]? Z1 right ascension (RA_Z1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEZ1deg[-23.33/-21.81]? Z1 declination (DEC_Z1)degpos.eq.decnullableZ1mag[14.3/24.36]? VISTA/VIRCam Z1 band magnitude (psfMag_Z1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Z1mag[0.004/0.55]? Uncertainty on the Z1mag (psfMagErr_Z1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableZ1sharp[-5.64/1.88]? Z1 sharpness (sharp_Z1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableZ1Chi2[0.2/14]? Z1 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_Z1)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatnullableSepY2Z1[0/3]? Separation between Y2 and Z1 coordinates (Sep_Y2_Z1)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableRAGdeg[242.39/244.1]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) GSC right ascension (J2000) at Ep=EpochG (ra_GCSDR9)degpos.eq.ranullableDEGdeg[-23.33/-21.8]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) GSC declination (J2000) at Ep=EpochG (dec_GCSDR9)degpos.eq.decnullableHmagAp[13.2/19.93]? UKIDSS-DR9 H default magnitude (hAperMag3)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagAp[0.002/0.61]? HmagAp uncertainty (hAperMag3Err)magstat.errorfloatnullableKmagAp[12.9/19.55]? UKIDSS-DR9 K default magnitude (k_1AperMag3)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KmagAp[0.002/0.9]? KmagAp uncertainty (k_1AperMag3Err)magstat.errorfloatnullableEpochG[2005.4/2009.4]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) epoch (epoch_GCSDR9)yrtime.epochdoublenullableCl[-3/1]? UKIDSS-DR9 object class (mergedClass) (1)meta.code.classintnullableRAAdeg[242.39/244.1]? AllWISE right ascension (J2000) (RAJ2000_AllWISE)degpos.eq.ranullableDEAdeg[-23.4/-21.81]? AllWISE declination (J2000) (DEJ2000_AllWISE)degpos.eq.decnullableW1mag[12.7/18.52]? WISE 3.4um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty on the W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW2mag[12.6/17.34]? WISE 4.6um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.02/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag[9.7/12.66]? WISE 12um band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.05/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW4mag[6.1/9.2]? WISE 22um band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag[0.07/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[13.9/18.43]? 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty on the Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[13.2/17.88]? 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty on the Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[12.9/17.1]? 2MASS Ks-band magnitude (Kmag)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.03/0.5]? Uncertainty on the Ksmag (e_Kmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRAPdeg[242.39/244.1]? PS1 (II/349) right ascension (J2000) at Ep=EpochP (RAJ2000_PS1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEPdeg[-23.33/-21.81]? PS1 (II/349) declination (J2000) at Ep=EpochP (DEJ2000_PS1)degpos.eq.decnullableEpochP[54999.4/56826.42]? PS1 (II/349) Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the mean epoch (Epoch_PS1)time.epochdoublenullableindexedgmag[15.6/29.41]? PS1 g-band AB magnitude (PSg)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the gmag (ePSg)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablegFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from g-band (G1)meta.codeintnullablermag[15.2/23.51]? PS1 r-band AB magnitude (PSr)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the rmag (ePSr)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablerFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from r-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableimag[15/22.46]? PS1 i-band AB magnitude (PSi)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the imag (ePSi)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableiFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from i-band (G1)meta.codeintnullablezmag[14.9/21.96]? PS1 z-band AB magnitude (PSz)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the zmag (ePSz)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablezFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from z-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableymag[13.7/22.11]? PS1 y-band AB magnitude (PSy)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the ymag (ePSy)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableyFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from y-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableHSCSubaru/HSC identification number (id_HSC)meta.id.crossRAHdeg[242.39/244.1] Subaru/HSC right ascension (J2000) (ra_HSC)degpos.eq.raDEHdeg[-23.33/-21.81] Subaru/HSC declination (J2000) (dec_HSC)degpos.eq.deczmagHSC[16.24/29.96]? Subaru/HSC z-band magnitude (converted to Vega system) (zMag_HSC)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_zmagHSC[0.00018/14.4] ZmagHSC uncertainty (zMagSig_HSC)magstat.errordoubleClHSC[0] Subaru/HSC classification (always "0" = point source) (class_HSC)meta.code.classfloatHSCFl[0] Subaru/HSC flag (always "0" = good) (badPsfFlag_HSC)meta.codeintSep[0.0005/3] Separation between VISTA Y2 and Subaru/HSC coordinates (Separation)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatGSCDisplay data from UKIDSS-DR9 Galactic Clusters Survey (II/319) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar2MASSDisplay data from 2MASS (II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharPS1Display data from Pan-STARRS DR1 (II/349) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharJ/MNRAS/503/2265/zyj*Sources in the VISTA ZYJ surveyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[240.93/244.11] Y2 right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (RA_Y2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[-23.7/-21.57] Y2 declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (DEC_Y2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedY2mag[12.75/24.4] VISTA/VIRCam Y2 band magnitude (psfMag_Y2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Y2mag[0.003/0.6] Uncertainty on the Y2mag (psfMagErr_Y2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatY2sharp[-0.5/0.5] Y2 sharpness (sharp_Y2)stat.fit.paramfloatY2Chi2[0.24/3] Y2 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_Y2)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatRAJ1deg[240.93/244.11] J1 right ascension (RA_J1)degpos.eq.raDEJ1deg[-23.7/-21.57] J1 declination (DEC_J1)degpos.eq.decJ1mag[12.43/23.1] VISTA/VIRCam J1 band magnitude (psfMag_J1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_J1mag[0.003/0.6] Uncertainty on the J1mag (psfMagErr_J1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatJ1sharp[-0.5/0.5] J1 sharpness (sharp_J1)stat.fit.paramfloatJ1Chi2[0.19/3] J1 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_J1)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatpmRA[-721.6/721.6] Proper motion in right ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDE[-719.9/722.7] Proper motion in declination direction (pmDEC)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleSepY2J1[0/3] Separation between Y2 and J1 coordinates (Sep_Y2_J1)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatRAZ1deg[240.93/244.11]? VISTA/VIRCam Z1 right ascension (RA_Z1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEZ1deg[-23.7/-21.57]? Z1 declination (DEC_Z1)degpos.eq.decnullableZ1mag[12.9/24.7]? VISTA/VIRCam Z1 band magnitude (psfMag_Z1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Z1mag[0.003/0.6]? Uncertainty on the Z1mag (psfMagErr_Z1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableZ1sharp[-7.8/2.6]? Z1 sharpness (sharp_Z1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableZ1Chi2[0.19/27.3]? Z1 fit {chi}^2^ (chi2_Z1)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatnullableSepY2Z1[0/3]? Separation between Y2 and Z1 coordinates (Sep_Y2_Z1)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableRAGdeg[240.93/244.11]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) GSC right ascension (J2000) at Ep=EpochG (ra_GCSDR9)degpos.eq.ranullableDEGdeg[-23.7/-21.57]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) GSC declination (J2000) at Ep=EpochG (dec_GCSDR9)degpos.eq.decnullableHmagAp[11.78/21.8]? UKIDSS-DR9 H default magnitude (hAperMag3)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagAp[0.001/3.3]? HmagAp uncertainty (hAperMag3Err)magstat.errorfloatnullableKmagAp[11.59/26.7]? UKIDSS-DR9 K default magnitude (k_1AperMag3)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KmagAp[0.001/65]? KmagAp uncertainty (k_1AperMag3Err)magstat.errorfloatnullableEpochG[2005.4/2009.4]? UKIDSS-DR9 (II/319) epoch (epoch_GCSDR9)yrtime.epochdoublenullableCl[-3/1]? UKIDSS-DR9 object class (mergedClass) (1)meta.code.classintnullableRAAdeg[240.93/244.11]? AllWISE right ascension (J2000) (RAJ2000_AllWISE)degpos.eq.ranullableDEAdeg[-23.7/-21.57]? AllWISE declination (J2000) (DEJ2000_AllWISE)degpos.eq.decnullableW1mag[11/18.7]? WISE 3.4um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty on the W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW2mag[10.5/17.4]? WISE 4.6um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.019/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag[8.29/12.7]? WISE 12um band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.02/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW4mag[5.9/9.3]? WISE 22um band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag[0.05/0.6]? Uncertainty on the W4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[12.4/18.5]? 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty on the Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[11.7/18]? 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty on the Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[11.6/17.3]? 2MASS Ks band magnitude (Kmag)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.019/0.8]? Uncertainty on the Ksmag (e_Kmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRAPdeg[240.93/244.11]? PS1 (II/349) right ascension (J2000) at Ep=EpochP (RAJ2000_PS1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEPdeg[-23.7/-21.57]? PS1 (II/349) declination (J2000) at Ep=EpochP (DEJ2000_PS1)degpos.eq.decnullableEpochP[51296.17/56826.42]? PS1 (II/349) Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the mean epoch (Epoch_PS1)dtime.epochdoublenullableindexedgmag[13.9/29.5]? PS1 g-band AB magnitude (PSg)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the gmag (ePSg)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablegFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from g-band (G1)meta.codeintnullablermag[13.8/25.2]? PS1 r-band AB magnitude (PSr)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the rmag (ePSr)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablerFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from r-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableimag[13.6/25.7]? PS1 i-band AB magnitude (PSi)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the imag (ePSi)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableiFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from i-band (G1)meta.codeintnullablezmag[13.5/22.3]? PS1 z-band AB magnitude (PSz)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the zmag (ePSz)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablezFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from z-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableymag[13.4/25.2]? PS1 y band AB magnitude (PSy)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymag[0/0.5]? Uncertainty on the ymag (ePSy)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableyFlags[0/16896056]?=- PS1 information flag bitmask from y-band (G1)meta.codeintnullableGSCDisplay data from UKIDSS-DR9 Galactic Clusters Survey (II/319) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar2MASSDisplay data from 2MASS (II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharPS1Display data from Pan-STARRS DR1 (II/349) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar