J/MNRAS/502/4009ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/502/4009doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-fp-3x9CDSBerg T.A.M.Fumagalli M.D'Odorico V.Ellison S.L.Lopez S.,Becker G.D.Christensen L.Cupani G.Denney K.D.Sanchez-Ramirez R.,Worseck G.2026-08-03T07:31:07Z2023-11-16T10:16:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsredshiftedchemically-peculiar-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyWe present the measured gas-phase metal column densities in 155 sub-damped Ly {alpha} systems (subDLAs) with the aim to investigate the contribution of subDLAs to the chemical evolution of the Universe. The sample was identified within the absorber-blind XQ-100 quasar spectroscopic survey over the redshift range 2.4=<z_abs_=<4.3. Using all available column densities of the ionic species investigated (mainly CIV, SiII, MgII, SiIV, AlII, FeII, CII, and OI; in order of decreasing detection frequency), we estimate the ionization-corrected gas-phase metallicity of each system using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to explore a large grid of CLOUDY ionization models. Without accounting for ionization and dust depletion effects, we find that the HI-weighted gas-phase metallicity evolution of subDLAs is consistent with damped Ly {alpha} systems (DLAs). When ionization corrections are included, subDLAs are systematically more metal poor than DLAs (between ~0.5{sigma} and ~3{sigma} significance) by up to ~1.0dex over the redshift range 3=<z_abs_=<4.3. The correlation of gas phase [Si/Fe] with metallicity in subDLAs appears to be consistent with that of DLAs, suggesting that the two classes of absorbers have a similar relative dust depletion pattern. As previously seen for Lyman limit systems, the gas phase [C/O] in subDLAs remains constantly solar for all metallicities indicating that both subDLAs and Lyman limit systems could trace carbon-rich ejecta, potentially in circumgalactic environments.2021MNRAS.502.4009Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/502/4009CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/4009GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/502/4009/table3 (XQ-100 subDLA metallicities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/4009/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/4009/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/4009/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.845625-26.05508330.0055555555555555566/514 4169 4177 4233 4267 4369 4648 4761 6219 8215 8218 8277 8627 8765 16417 16589 16666 16894 17679 17735 17751 17818 18007 18200 18209 18381 18466 18499 19490 19759 21885 25827 25863 26167 26369 26375 26596 26846 26882 26976 27232 27436 27445 27484 27498 27511 27524 27542 27646 27649 27917 28171 28312 30836 31325 31659 32466 33746 34262 34375 34850 35241 35759 35764 35770 36217 36271 36466 36834 37533 43983 45460https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/502/4009?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/502/4009/table2XQ-100 subDLA metal column densitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the quasar sightline (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharzabsRedshift of the absorbersrc.redshiftdoubleIonIonic speciesphys.atmol.ionStagecharlambda? Wavelength of the line0.1nmem.wl;spect.lineintnullablevmin? Starting velocity of the AODM integrationkm/sinstr.bandwidthintnullablevmax? End velocity of the AODM integrationkm/sinstr.bandwidthintnullablelogN? Logarithm of the column density for the absorption linelog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logN? Error on logNlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablef_logN? Flag indicating whether the absorption is adopted for logN (1)meta.codeintnullablelogNadop? Logarithm of the adopted column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNadop? Error on logNadoplog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablee_logNadopIC? Lower error on logNadopIClog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablef_logNadop? Flag indicating whether the absorption is adopted for logNadop (1)meta.codeintnullablelogNadopIC? Logarithm of the adopted column density with ionization correctionlog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullableE_logNadopIC? Upper error on logNadopIClog(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/502/4009/table3XQ-100 subDLA metallicitiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameName of the quasar sightline (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzabsRedshift of the absorbersrc.redshiftdoublelogNHILogarithm of the HI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloate_logNHIError on logNHIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatl_[M/H]Limit flag on [M/H]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[M/H]Total gas-phase metallicity of the systemphys.abund.Zfloate_[M/H]? Error on [M/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableIonIon used to compute [M/H]phys.atmol.ionStagechar[M/H]ICTotal gas-phase metallicity of the system with ionization correctionphys.abund.Zfloatb_[M/H]ICLower bound on [M/H]ICphys.abundfloatB_[M/H]ICUpper bound on [M/H]ICphys.abundfloatlognHLogarithm of the gas density n_H_log(cm**-2)phys.densityfloatb_lognHLower bound on lognHlog(cm**-2)phys.density;stat.minfloatB_lognHUpper bound on lognHlog(cm**-2)phys.density;stat.maxfloatSampleSample name (1)meta.id;src.samplechar_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main