J/MNRAS/500/3821ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/500/3821doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75003821CDSBonaldi A.An T.Brueggen M.Burkutean S.Coelho B.Goodarzi H.,Hartley P.Sandhu P.K.Wu C.Yu L.Zhoolideh Haghighi M.H.Anton S.,Bagheri Z.Barbosa D.Barraca J.P.Bartashevich D.Bergano M.,Bonato M.Brand J.de Gasperin F.Giannetti A.Dodson R.Jain P.,Jaiswal S.Lao B.Liu B.Liuzzo E.Lu Y.Lukic V.Maia D.,Marchili N.Massardi M.Mohan P.Morgado J.B.Panwar M.Prabhakar T.V.,Ribeiro V.A.R.M.Rygl K.L.J.Sabz Ali V.Saremi E.Schisano E.,Sheikhnezami S.Vafaei Sadr A.Wong A.Wong O.I.2024-08-21T20:16:53Z2021-04-16T06:57:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-sourcesradio-galaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsAs the largest radio telescope in the world, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will lead the next generation of radio astronomy. The feats of engineering required to construct the telescope array will be matched only by the techniques developed to exploit the rich scientific value of the data. To drive forward the development of efficient and accurate analysis methods, we are designing a series of data challenges that will provide the scientific community with high-quality datasets for testing and evaluating new techniques. In this paper we present a description and results from the first such Science Data Challenge (SDC1). Based on SKA MID continuum simulated observations and covering three frequencies (560MHz, 1400MHz and 9200MHz) at three depths (8h, 100h and 1000h), SDC1 asked participants to apply source detection, characterization and classification methods to simulated data. The challenge opened in November 2018, with nine teams submitting results by the deadline of April 2019. In this work we analyse the results for 8 of those teams, showcasing the variety of approaches that can be successfully used to find, characterise and classify sources in a deep, crowded field. The results also demonstrate the importance of building domain knowledge and expertise on this kind of analysis to obtain the best performance. As high-resolution observations begin revealing the true complexity of the sky, one of the outstanding challenges emerging from this analysis is the ability to deal with highly resolved and complex sources as effectively as the unresolved source population.2021MNRAS.500.3821Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/500/3821CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-tohttps://astronomers.skatelescope.org/ska-science-data-challenge-1 :https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3821GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf560 (All sources of 560MHz image catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf560?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf560?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf560?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.88576-31.115020.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt560 (Training/validate dataset sources of 560MHz image catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt560?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt560?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt560?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.97282-29.880180.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf1400 (All sources of image 1400MHz catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf1400?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf1400?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf1400?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true358.76734-29.594330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt1400 (Training/validate dataset sources of 1400MHz image catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt1400?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt1400?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt1400?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.97282-29.880180.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf9200 (All sources of 9200MHz image catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf9200?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf9200?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tf9200?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.97282-29.880180.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt9200 (Training/validate dataset sources of 9200MHz image catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt9200?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt9200?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/tt9200?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.98554-29.9330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3821/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3821/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8e-05-29.999920.0055555555555555565/4111 4120 4122-4123 4132-4133 4135 4144 6/16437-16439 16441-16443 16486 16537 16580-16582 16584-16586https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/500/3821?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tf560All sources of 560MHz image catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublebmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tt560Training/validate dataset sources of 560MHz image catalogSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublebmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tf1400All sources of image 1400MHz catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublebmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tt1400Training/validate dataset sources of 1400MHz image catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublebmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tf9200All sources of 9200MHz image catalogIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublebmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/tt9200Training/validate dataset sources of 9200MHz image catalogRACdegCentroid right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDECdegCentroid declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decFluxIintegrated primary-beam corrected flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleCoreFracCore fraction (different from zero only for AGN)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdIdentification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[] Core right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Core declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainbmajMajor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublebminMinor axis sizearcsecphys.angSizedoublePA[] Major axis position angledegpos.posAngfloatSize[1/3] Size code (1)meta.code.classintClass[1/3] Class code (2)meta.code.classintJ/MNRAS/500/3821/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintObs.dateObservatino datestime.epochnullableFreqObserved frequencyMHzem.freqintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar