J/MNRAS/493/4570ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/493/4570doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-fd-4etCDSLeitzinger M.Odert P.Greimel R.Vida K.Kriskovics L.Guenther E.W.,Korhonen H.Koller F.Hanslmeier A.Kovari Z.Lammer H.2026-08-03T07:29:42Z2023-07-24T09:03:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresstellar-activitystellar-spectral-typesstellar-distancevisible-astronomyspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomyx-ray-sourcesCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) may have major importance for planetary and stellar evolution. Stellar CME parameters, such as mass and velocity, have yet not been determined statistically. So far only a handful of stellar CMEs has been detected mainly on dMe stars using spectroscopic observations. We therefore aim for a statistical determination of CMEs of solar-like stars by using spectroscopic data from the ESO phase 3 and Polarbase archives. To identify stellar CMEs, we use the Doppler signal in optical spectral lines being a signature of erupting filaments that are closely correlated to CMEs. We investigate more than 3700h of on-source time of in total 425 dF-dK stars. We find no signatures of CMEs and only few flares. To explain this low level of activity, we derive upper limits for the non-detections of CMEs and compare those with empirically modelled CME rates. To explain the low number of detected flares, we adapt a flare power law derived from EUV data to the H{alpha} regime, yielding more realistic results for H{alpha} observations. In addition, we examine the detectability of flares from the stars by extracting Sun-as-a-star H{alpha} light curves. The extrapolated maximum numbers of observable CMEs are below the observationally determined upper limits, which indicates that the on-source times were mostly too short to detect stellar CMEs in H{alpha}. We conclude that these non-detections are related to observational biases in conjunction with a low level of activity of the investigated dF-dK stars.2020MNRAS.493.4570Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/493/4570CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/848/34 : CATalog of Stellar Unified Properties (Hinkel+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/4570GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/493/4570/tablea1 (All target stars from the present study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/4570/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/4570/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/4570/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.121770810.74545060.0055555555555555566/60 248 309 377 819 1077 1827 1873 2051 2366 2491 3639 4241 4278 4316 4555 4591 4620 4866 5034 5088 5309 5754 5899 6217 6325 6523 7763 7989 8132 8591 9662 9801 9843 10062 10375 11128 11391 11546 11856 12340 12592 12770 12922 12983 13215 13749 13778 14252 14290 14419 14512 14650 14662 15044 15174 15243 16069 16393 16502 16518 16679 16692 16941 16986 17017 17028 17131 17177 17218-17219 17314 17453 17483 17486 17541 17566 17588 17607 17671 17714 17944 17989 18115 18373 18614 18623 18641 18711 18747 18821 19507 19796 19836 19923 19960 20005 20118 20127 20237 20327-20328 20374 20593 20640 20739 20778 20873 21047 21076 21080 21117 21177 21317 21386 21392 21477 21484 21647 21691 21726 21838 21912 21953 22036 22120 22408 22545 22549 22566 22606 22613 22654 22813 22964 23013 23056 23096 23137 23177 23230 23323 23339 23342 23429 23583 23774 23818 23893 23895 23938 23960 24151 24713 24729 24782 24816 24831 24858 24990 25015 25102 25306 25793 25814 26016 26133 26468 26496 26575 26772 26906 26924 26997 27083 27088 27374 27462 27712 28041 28245 28400 28571 28719 28788 29213 29520 29665 29756 29774 29838 30015 30176 30257 30343 30345 30419 30484 30645 30848 30878 30939 30951 31029 31087 31130 31267 31433 32001 32561 32575 32617 32848 32930 32937 33091 33116 33210 33252 33264 33280-33281 33418 33442 33456 33467 33563 33662 33705 33717 33849-33850 33854 33879 33945 34004 34074 34172 34245 34342 34345 34408 34412 34442 34481 34581 34586 34673 34896 34905 34947 34966 34983 35017 35079 35150 35301 35434 35753 35774 35802 35816 35831 35896 35928 36049 36078 36133 36174 36288 36338 36412 36418 36483 36555 36564 36697 37215 37595 37663 37780 37807 37955 38064 38219 38339 38461 38728 38742 38765 38788 38807 38870 38908 38932 38944 38950 39034 39257 39283 39364 39461 39500 39576 39676 39693 39767 39807 39854 39964 40007 40078 40442 40679 40716-40717 40784 40811 40830 40892 41163 41204 41272 41325 41460 41463 41553 41607 41612 41687 41752 41861 41935 41941 41954 41969 41980 42022 42147 42171 42197 42228 42544 42595 42659 42700 42805 42814 42845 42887 43095 43258 43336 43374 43577 43649 43724 43768 43801 43818 43851 43928 44005 44150-44151 44223 44243 44262 44482 44681 44792 44860 44879 45021 45265 45309 45334 45382 45386 45391 45412 45492 45542 45589 45668 45717 45823 45853 45902 45982 46076 46080 46244 46289 46351 46384 46429 46501 46681 46699 46923 46944 46997 47198 47390 47598 47629 47898 48065 48121 48182 48469 48530 48549 48705 48711 48768 48788 48964https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/493/4570?format=asciiX-rayUVOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/493/4570/tablea1All target stars from the present studySimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar name (TYCFFFF-NNNNN-N)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[*+] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharONameAlternative namemeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral type (2)src.spTypecharlogLX? X-ray luminosity (2)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullableDistDistance from Gaia DR2pcpos.distancefloatTexpOn-source timemintime.epochdoubleS/NMean signal to noise ratiostat.snr;stat.meanfloatEUV? EUV flare rate calculated after Audard et al. (2000ApJ...541..396A)d**-1time;arith.ratiofloatnullableHa? H{alpha} flare rate (see Section 4.1)d**-1time;arith.ratiofloatnullableCMEulObserved upper limit of the CME rated**-1time;arith.ratiofloatCMEme? Maximum expected CME calculated after Odert et al. (2020MNRAS.494.3766O)d**-1time;arith.ratiofloatnullablesig? Standard deviation of the pseudo EWs of the spectral time series of each star in per centstat.stdevfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main