J/MNRAS/493/3159ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/493/3159doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74933159CDSGupta S.Nath B.B.Sharma P.Eichler D.2025-02-28T20:15:55Z2023-08-07T12:52:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaesupernova-remnantsmilky-way-galaxyastrometryx-ray-sourcesradio-sourcesCosmic ray (CR) sources leave signatures in the isotopic abundances of CRs. Current models of Galactic CRs that consider supernovae (SNe) shocks as the main sites of particle acceleration cannot satisfactorily explain the higher ^22^Ne/^20^Ne ratio in CRs compared to the interstellar medium. Although stellar winds from massive stars have been invoked, their contribution relative to SNe ejecta has been taken as a free parameter. Here, we present a theoretical calculation of the relative contributions of wind termination shocks (WTSs) and SNe shocks in superbubbles, based on the hydrodynamics of winds in clusters, the standard stellar mass function, and stellar evolution theory. We find that the contribution of WTSs towards the total CR production is at least 25 per cent, which rises to >~50 per cent for young (~<10Myr) clusters, and explains the observed ^22^Ne/^20^Ne ratio. We argue that since the progenitors of apparently isolated supernovae remnants (SNRs) are born in massive star clusters, both WTS and SNe shocks can be integrated into a combined scenario of CRs being accelerated in massive clusters. This scenario is consistent with the observed ratio of SNRs to {gamma}-ray bright (L_{gamma}_>~10^35^erg/s) star clusters, as predicted by star cluster mass function. Moreover, WTSs can accelerate CRs to PeV energies, and solve other long-standing problems of the standard SN paradigm of CR acceleration.2020MNRAS.493.3159Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/493/3159CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/272 : A catalogue of Galactic supernova remnants (Green, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/493/3159GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/493/3159/tablec1 (This table provides a list of SNRs which are located within 5kpc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/3159/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/3159/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/493/3159/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true262.6781-21.51620.0055555555555555566/1199 1390 1468 1756 1847 3063 3642 3651 3681 3729 3818 12698 13212 14261 14285 14301 14305-14306 14320-14321 14325 14340 14346 14353 14415 14418 14424 14427 14454 14529 14640 14669 14690 14791 15369-15370 15407 15427 15439 15511 15641 22260 22264 23805 23995 24185 24460 24480 28809 28825 28882 28887 28894 28912 28919 29097 29106 29116 29118 29166 29259 29505 29510 29523 29529 29532 29535 30211 30216 30222 30240 30259 30264 30275 30306 30313 30315 30319 30506 30595 30604 30607 30692 30709 31898 37342 37869 38016 38673 39235 39266 39942 41643 41676-41677 41758 41760 41767 41804 41809 41815 42137 42169 42215 42217 42221 42290 42381 42435 42439 42444 42447 42455 42461 42666 42669 43523 48193https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/493/3159?format=asciiX-rayRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/493/3159/tablec1This table provides a list of SNRs which are located within 5kpc_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/125] Internal SNR identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintm_ID[ab] Multiplicity flag (1)meta.code.multipcharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latl_Dist[~< ] Limit flag on Distmeta.code.errorcharDistDistancekpcpos.distancecharRef[1/2] Reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameint