J/MNRAS/492/503ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/492/503doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74920503CDSRaney C.A.Keeton C.R.Brennan S.2024-08-20T20:15:54Z2023-05-23T13:32:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-lensinggalaxy-clustersgalaxiesvisible-astronomyredshiftedCluster lensing has become an important tool in the search for high-redshift galaxies through its ability to magnify sources. In order to determine the intrinsic properties of these galaxies, lensing mass models must be constructed to determine the magnification of the images. These models are traditionally 2D, focusing on the mass within the cluster and either ignoring or approximating any contribution from line-of-sight galaxies. In this paper, we present the first full set of 3D mass models of the six Hubble Frontier Fields and use them to test for systematic biases in magnifications due to using the traditional 2D approach. We find that omitting foreground or background galaxies causes image position offsets between 0.1 and 0.4arcsec, a non-negligible fraction of the typical 0.3-0.7arcsec residuals of current state-of-the-art models. We also find that median image magnifications can shift by up to 6 per cent, though it is dependent on the field. This can be alleviated in some cases by approximating the mass in the lensing plane, but a 5 per cent magnification bias still exists in other cases; image position offsets are also improved, but are still present at 0.10arcsec.2020MNRAS.492..503Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/492/503CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/812/114 : Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). I.J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/MNRAS/470/95 : CLASH galaxies photometric redshifts in 25 ClGhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/492/503GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea1 (Galaxies in the field Abell 2744)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.55633611-30.387016940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea2 (Galaxies in the field MACS J0416)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.03287306-24.106531110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea3 (Galaxies in the field MACS J0717)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true109.3537888937.735568890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea4 (Galaxies in the field MACS J1149)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true177.3702630622.393006110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea5 (Galaxies in the field Abell S1063)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true342.14892806-44.523253890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea6 (Galaxies in the field Abell 370)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tablea6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true39.97519806-1.587928060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb1 (Lensed images for Abell 2744)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.59754194-30.403916940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb2 (Lensed images for MACS J0416)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.04075-24.061591940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb3 (Lensed images for MACS J0717)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true109.3953380637.7411750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb4 (Lensed images for MACS J1149)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true177.39722.3960.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb5 (Lensed images for MACS S1063)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true342.19445-44.527003060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb6 (Lensed images for MACS 370)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/492/503/tableb6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true39.96708306-1.576906110.0055555555555555566/6383 16486 17741 28448 34793 46474 464962.3657755224268815e-19 3.5452907792336973e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/492/503?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea1Galaxies in the field Abell 2744recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea2Galaxies in the field MACS J0416recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea3Galaxies in the field MACS J0717recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea4Galaxies in the field MACS J1149recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea5Galaxies in the field Abell S1063recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tablea6Galaxies in the field Abell 370recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF606WmagHST/ACS F606W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606WmagError on F606Wmagmagstat.errorfloatF814WmagHST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814WmagError on F814Wmagmagstat.errorfloatzRedshift (G1)src.redshiftfloatStatusStatus as cluster member or LOS galaxymeta.notecharRefsReferences for the catalog data (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb1Lensed images for Abell 2744recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDLens image IDmeta.id;meta.mainfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableRankLensed image rank (gold, silver or none)meta.code.qualcharf_Rank[abc] Flag on Rank (2)meta.codecharr_zReference for z (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb2Lensed images for MACS J0416OldIDOld identifiermeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDLens image IDmeta.id;meta.mainfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableRank[gold] Lensed image rankmeta.code.qualcharf_Rank[a] Flag on Rank (2)meta.codecharr_zReference for z (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb3Lensed images for MACS J0717recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDLens image IDmeta.id;meta.mainfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableRank[gold] Lensed image rankmeta.code.qualcharf_Rank[a] Flag on Rank (1)meta.codecharr_zReference for z (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb4Lensed images for MACS J1149IDLens image ID (1)meta.id;meta.maincharz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRankLensed image rank (gold, silver or bronze)meta.code.qualcharf_Rank[a] Flag on Rank (3)meta.codecharr_zReference for z (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb5Lensed images for MACS S1063recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDLens image IDmeta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[ab] Flag on ID (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableRankLensed image rank (gold or bronze)meta.code.qualcharf_Rank[abc] Flag on Rank (3)meta.codecharr_zReference for z (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/MNRAS/492/503/tableb6Lensed images for MACS 370recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDLens image ID (1)meta.id;meta.mainfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullabler_zReference for z (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharRankLensed image rank (gold or silver)meta.code.qualcharf_Rank[a] Flag on Rank (2)meta.codechar