J/MNRAS/489/437ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/489/437doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74890437CDSDoyle L.Ramsay G.Doyle J.G.Wu K.2024-08-20T20:13:04Z2023-02-09T13:27:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresmagnetic-fieldsm-starsdwarf-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrystellar-spectral-typestrigonometric-parallaxstellar-distanceDetailed studies of the Sun have shown that sunspots and solar flares are closely correlated. Photometric data from Kepler/K2 has allowed similar studies to be carried out on other stars. Here, we utilize Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometric 2-min cadence of 167 low-mass stars from Sectors 1 to 3 to investigate the relationship between star-spots and stellar flares. From our sample, 90 per cent show clear rotational modulation likely due to the presence of a large, dominant star-spot and we use this to determine a rotational period for each star. Additionally, each low-mass star shows one or more flares in its light curve and using Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes and SkyMapper magnitudes we can estimate the energy of the flares in the TESS band-pass. Overall, we have 1834 flares from the 167 low-mass stars with energies from 6.0x10^29^ to 2.4x10^35^erg. We find none of the stars in our sample show any preference for rotational phase, suggesting the lack of a correlation between the large, dominant star-spot, and flare number. We discuss this finding in greater detail and present further scenarios to account for the origin of flares on these low-mass stars.2019MNRAS.489..437Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/489/437CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target ListII/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/489/437GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/489/437/table1 (Master file of all TESS flare stars from Sectors 1,2 and 3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true335.6653608-63.05717470.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/489/437/tablea1 (Master file of all TESS flare stars from Sectors 1,2 and 3 which did not show any modulation)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/489/437/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true327.1718675-47.61407060.0055555555555555566/16454-16455 16489 16497 16500 16622 16688 16765 16983 17075 17155 17173 17242 17255 17283 17412 17602 17606-17607 17617 17640 17645 18017 32830 32847 32890 32970 33003 33006 33065 33075 33094 33103 33170 33186 33334 33340 33355 33367 33382 33411 33422 33456 33461 33464 33482 33493 33501 33512-33513 33523 33529 33531 33545 33550-33551 33593-33594 33613 33643-33644 33654 33666 33669-33670 33689 33697 33716 33718 33818 33850 33894 33937 33956 33965 33993 34312 34819 34822-34823 34830 34834 34849 34857 34880 34908 34910 34959 34963 34998 35002 35027 35037 35055 35112 35131 35152 35203 35268 35391-35392 35415 35447 35517 35531 35640 35664 35709 35768 35788 35814 35845 35847 35887 35992 36401 36509 36543 37041 37051 37097 37418 37580 38950 38953 38970 45324 45344-45345 45378 45389 45391 45471 45492 45503 45510 45513 45852 45876 46087 46188 46247 46275 46339 46351 46515 46601 46640 46717 46731 46758 46771 46974 47047 48318 48325 48341 48361 48388 48461 48518 48529https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/489/437?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/489/437/table1Master file of all TESS flare stars from Sectors 1,2 and 3SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maintminMinimum flare durationmintime.duration;stat.minfloattmax? Maximum flare durationmintime.duration;stat.maxfloatnullableSep? Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableDeltag? Difference in gaia brightnessmagphot.mag;arith.diffdoublenullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDTIC identifier (NNNNNNNNN) (G1)meta.id;meta.mainlongSectorSector (1, 2 or 3)obs.fieldchargmagSkyMapper g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatrmagSkyMapper r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatimagSkyMapper i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatzmagSkyMapper z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatFlareFlare numbermeta.numberintSpTypeSpectral type from Simbadsrc.spTypefloatRotRotationdtime.periodfloatT0Phase zerodtime.phase;arith.zpdoubleTmagTIC magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.optfloatplxGaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxError on plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleDistDistancepcpos.distancedoublee_DistError on Distpcstat.errorfloatlogLstarLogarithm of star luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optfloatlogEminLogarithm of minimum flare energylog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatlogEmax? Logarithm of maximum flare energylog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/489/437/tablea1Master file of all TESS flare stars from Sectors 1,2 and 3 which did not show any modulationNameStar namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDTIC identifier (NNNNNNNNN) (G1)meta.id;meta.mainlongSectorSector (1 or 2)obs.fieldchargmagSkyMapper g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatrmagSkyMapper i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatimagSkyMapper r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatzmagSkyMapper z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatFlareFlare numbermeta.numberintplxGaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_plxError on plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDistDistancepcpos.distancedoublee_DistError on Distpcstat.errordoubleSpTypeSpectral type from Simbadsrc.spTypefloatTmagTIC magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.optfloatlogLstarLogarithm of star luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optfloatlogEminLogarithm of minimum flare energylog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatlogEmax? Logarithm of maximum flare energylog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullabletminMinimum flare durationmintime.duration;stat.minfloattmax? Maximum flare durationmintime.duration;stat.maxfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main