J/MNRAS/485/5345ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/485/5345doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74855345CDSAskar A.Askar A.Pasquato M.Giersz M.2024-08-19T20:17:53Z2022-12-01T14:10:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frblack-holesglobular-star-clustersastronomical-modelsvisible-astronomyMachine learning is a powerful technique, becoming increasingly popular in astrophysics. In this paper, we apply machine learning to more than a thousand globular cluster (GC) models simulated with the MOCCA-Survey Database I project in order to correlate present-day observable properties with the presence of a subsystem of stellar mass black holes (BHs). The machine learning model is then applied to available observed parameters for Galactic GCs to identify which of them that are most likely to be hosting a sizeable number of BHs and reveal insights into what properties lead to the formation of BH subsystems. With our machine learning model, we were able to shortlist 18 Galactic GCs that are most likely to contain a BH subsystem. We show that the clusters shortlisted by the machine learning classifier include those in which BH candidates have been observed (M22, M10, and NGC 3201) and that our results line up well with independent simulations and previous studies that manually compared simulated GC models with observed properties of Galactic GCs. These results can be useful for observers searching for elusive stellar mass BH candidates in GCs and further our understanding of the role BHs play in GC evolution. In addition, we have released an online tool that allows one to get predictions from our model after they input observable properties.2019MNRAS.485.5345Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/485/5345CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)J/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/5345GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea1 (Predictions for the presence of BHSs with data from the Harris (1996AJ....112.1487H, Cat. VII/202) catalogue)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.0223292-72.08144440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea2 (Predictions for the presence of BHSs with data from Baumgardt & Hilker (2018MNRAS.478.1520B, Cat. J/MNRAS/478/1520) catalogue for Milky Way GC parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.0223292-72.08144440.0055555555555555566/9436 9666 10321 10336 12405 12425 12943 14489 16647 19091 24843 28705 28717 28741 28751 28768-28769 28778 28808 28815 28817 28835 28838 28855 28876-28877 28882 28889 28895 28905 28959 28962 28970 28973-28974 29077 29184 29187 29195 29202 29216 29222 29231 29233 29248 29267 29289 29294 29318 29377 29632 29636-29637 29816 29870 30321 30323 30378 30769 30998 31019 31043 31095 31115 31417 32083 33321 33330 34242 36971 37294 38465 39642 41011 41257 41304 41507 41522 41847 41852 42076 42278 42314 42320 42361 42466 42528 42700 42761 42789 42841 42862 42955 42958 42990 43125 43227 44427 47125 47620 47777 47825 47866 47868 47916 47971 48035 48434 48444 48698 48952https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/485/5345?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea1Predictions for the presence of BHSs with data from the Harris (1996AJ....112.1487H, Cat. VII/202) catalogueSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharR50Half-light radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatCSBCentral surface brightnesssolLum.pc**-2phot.flux.sbdoubleCVD? Central velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablef_CVDFlag on CVD (1)meta.codecharTVLTotal V-band luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoubleHMRTHalf-mass relaxation timeMyrtime.relaxdoubleRadCore radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatBHSpred[False/True ] Predictions for the presence of Black Hole Subsystems (BHS) from the classifier that was trained on all MOCCA-Survey I GC models that survive up to 12 Gyrmeta.codecharBHSfall[False/True ] Predictions for the presence of Black Hole Subsystems (BHS) from the classifier that was trained only on simulated results in which mass fallback was enabled and BH kicks were lowermeta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/485/5345/tablea2Predictions for the presence of BHSs with data from Baumgardt & Hilker (2018MNRAS.478.1520B, Cat. J/MNRAS/478/1520) catalogue for Milky Way GC parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharR50Half-light radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatCSBCentral surface brightnesssolLum.pc**-2phot.flux.sbdoubleCVD? Central velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablef_CVDFlag on CVD (1)meta.codecharTVLTotal V-band luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoubleHMRTHalf-mass relaxation timeMyrtime.relaxdoubleRadCore radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatBHSpred[False/True ] Predictions for the presence of Black Hole Subsystems (BHS) from the classifier that was trained on all MOCCA-Survey I GC models that survive up to 12 Gyrmeta.codecharBHSfall[False/True ] Predictions for the presence of Black Hole Subsystems (BHS) from the classifier that was trained only on simulated results in which mass fallback was enabled and BH kicks were lowermeta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main