J/MNRAS/485/2343ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/485/2343doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74852343CDSPapadogiannakis S.Dhawan S.Morosin R.Goobar A.2024-08-19T20:17:20Z2023-10-04T08:12:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaevisible-astronomysloan-photometryAn increase in the number of studied Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) has demonstrated that this class of explosions has a greater diversity in its observables than was previously assumed. The reasons (e.g. the explosion mechanism, progenitor system) for such a diversity remain unknown. Here, we analyse a sample of r-band light curves of SNe Ia, focusing on their behaviour ~2-4 weeks after maximum light, i.e. the second maximum. We characterize the second maximum by its timing (t_r2_) and the integrated flux (F_r2_). We find that tr2 correlates with the 'colour-stretch' parameter sBV , which can be used as a proxy for ^56^Ni mass, and F_r2_ correlates with the transparency time-scale, t0. Using F_r2_ for a sample of 199 SNe from the Palomar Transient Factory and intermediate Palomar Transient Factory, we evaluate a distribution on t0 for a sample of SNe Ia found in an 'untargeted' survey. Comparing this distribution to the predictions of t0 ranges from models we find that the largest overlap in t0 values between models and observations is for the sub-Chandrasekhar double detonation models. We also compare our relations between t0 and F_r2_ with that from the 1D explosion models of Goldstein & Kasen (2018ApJ...852L..33G) and confirm that F_r2_ can be used as a diagnostic of the total ejecta mass.2019MNRAS.485.2343Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/485/2343CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/139/519 : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)J/AJ/142/156 : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)J/MNRAS/483/5045 : R-band light-curve properties of SN Iahttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/485/2343GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea1 (The parameters for the CfA SNe in the r-band)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true74.2510833-4.76116670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea2 (The parameters for the CSP-I SNe in the r-band)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true30.55125-0.10055560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea3 (The parameters for the CfA SNe in the i-band)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true179.3537925.20264110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea5 (t0 values from the CSP-I SNe with sufficient multi-band data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true308.225799.928530.0055555555555555566/248 558 697 1593 1701 1725 1796 2340 2353 2376 2409 3086 3393 4114 4401 4416 4447 4577 4684 4719 4807 5004 5100 5591 5680 5990 7166 7523 7651 8267 8271 8341 8435 8556 8667 9287 9311 9840 10379 10767 10789 10816 10978 11138 11144 11158 11181 11496 11939 12455 12585 15093 16690 17152 17239 17340 17500 17662 17736 17741 17817-17818 17840 18011 18016-18017 18061 18214 18410 18841 18851 19051 19102 19227 19432 19581 19777 19983 20014 20140 21041 21138 21300 21857 21872 22599 22826 23013 23023 23028 23092 23158 23179 23193 23197 23219 23294 23828 23916 25079 25333 25491 25513 25634 25769-25770 25889 25960 26575 27348 27426 27470 27491 27564 27761 28035 28040 28075 28224 28353 28453 30044 30160 31313 32602 34493 34534 36131 36201 36287 36412 36473 36662 36805 36919 37299 37559 37668 39627 39836 40145 40379 43877 44359 44587 44660 45418https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/485/2343?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea1The parameters for the CfA SNe in the r-bandNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinttr2Time of the plateau or secondary maximum in the r-band (G1)dtime.epochfloate_tr2Error on tr2dstat.errorfloatNpointsNumber of data pointsmeta.numberintsBVOrdering parameter (G2)stat.fit.paramfloate_sBVError on sBVstat.errorfloatBranchSN type following Branch et al. (2006PASP..118..560B) classification scheme (G3)src.classcharWangSN type following Wang et al. (2009ApJ...699L.139W) classification scheme (G4)src.classcharFr2Integrated normalized flux around the dates of the plateau in the r-bandphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatb_Fr2Lower value of Fr2meta.notefloatB_Fr2Upper value of Fr2meta.notefloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea2The parameters for the CSP-I SNe in the r-bande_sBV? Error on sBVstat.errorfloatnullableSNIDSupernova subtypesrc.classcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.mainchartr2? Time of the plateau or secondary maximum in the r-band (G1)dtime.epochfloatnullablee_tr2? Error on tr2dstat.errorfloatnullableNpoints? Number of data pointsmeta.numberintnullablesBV? Ordering parameter (G2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableWangSN type following Branch et al. (2006PASP..118..560B) classification scheme (G3)src.classcharBranchSN type following Wang et al. (2009ApJ...699L.139W) classification scheme (G4)src.classcharzhelio? Heliocentric redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublenullableTmaxB? Epoch of B-band maximumdtime.epochfloatnullableFr2? Integrated normalized flux around the dates of the plateau in the r-bandphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableb_Fr2? Lower value of Fr2meta.notefloatnullableB_Fr2? Upper value of Fr2meta.notefloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea3The parameters for the CfA SNe in the i-bande_ti2? Error on Ti2dstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFi2? Integrated normalized flux around the dates of the plateau in the i-bandphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableb_Fi2? Lower value of Fi2meta.notefloatnullableB_Fi2? Upper value of Fi2meta.notefloatnullableti2? Time of the plateau or secondary maximum in the i-band (G1)dtime.epochfloatnullableNpoints? Number of data pointsmeta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.maincharJ/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea5t0 values from the CSP-I SNe with sufficient multi-band dataSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.mainchart0Transparency time-scale (the epoch at which the ejecta optical depth is unity) (1)time.scalefloate_t0Error on t0stat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/485/2343/tablea6The parameters for the PTF and iPTF SNe in the r-bandrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.mainchartr2Time of the plateau or secondary maximum in the r-band (G1)time.epochfloatb_tr2Lower value of tr2meta.notefloatB_tr2Upper value of tr2meta.notefloat