J/MNRAS/484/4444ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/484/4444doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74844444CDSUrquhart J.S.Figura C.Wyrowski F.Giannetti A.Kim W.-J.Wienen M.,Leurini S.Pillai T.Csengeri T.Gibson S.J.Menten K.M.Moore T.J.T.,Thompson M.A.2024-08-19T20:16:47Z2021-12-10T12:59:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsstar-forming-regionsmolecular-physicsWe have conducted a 3-mm molecular-line survey towards 570 high-mass star-forming clumps, using the Mopra telescope. The sample is selected from the 10000 clumps identified by the ATLASGAL (APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy) survey and includes all of the most important embedded evolutionary stages associated with massive star formation, classified into five distinct categories (quiescent, protostellar, young stellar objects, HII regions, and photon-dominated regions). The observations were performed in broad-band mode with frequency coverage of 85.2-93.4GHz and a velocity resolution of ~0.9km/s, detecting emission from 26 different transitions. We find significant evolutionary trends in the detection rates, integrated line intensities, and abundances of many of the transitions and also identify a couple of molecules that appear to be invariant to changes in the dust temperature and evolutionary stage [N_2_H^+^ (1-0) and HN^13^C (1-0)]. We use the K-ladders for CH_3_C_2_H (5-4) and CH_3_CH (5-4) to calculate the rotation temperatures and find around one-third of the quiescent clumps have rotation temperatures that suggest the presence of an internal heating source. These sources may constitute a population of very young protostellar objects that are still dark at 70um and suggest that the fraction of truly quiescent clumps may only be a few per cent. We also identify a number of line ratios that show a strong correlation with the evolutionary stage of the embedded objects and discuss their utility as diagnostic probes of evolution.2019MNRAS.484.4444Uhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/484/4444CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/484/4444GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/484/4444/table1 (ATLASGAL sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/484/4444/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/484/4444/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/484/4444/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.787796-62.8300290.0055555555555555565/10445 10451 10453 10542-10543 10556 10594 10614 10624 6/28802-28803 28808-28809 28812-28814 28824 41595 41597 41599 41653-41655 41657-41658 41660-41661 41663 41671 41673 41675-41678 41681-41685 41688 41696-41697 41758-41759 41763 41766-41767 41770 41772-41773 41776-41778 41799 41802 41809 41811 41817 41820 41824-41825 42158-42159 42207 42210-42211 42213-42217 42228-42230 42381-42383 42387 42390-42393 42396-42398 42434-42436 42438-42441 42444-42445 42447 42450-42451 42454-42455 42460-42462 42500-42502 42512 43013 43015 43020-43021 43024 43026https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/484/4444?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/484/4444/table1ATLASGAL sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClumpATLASGAL catalogue namemeta.id;meta.maincharClassEvolutionary classificationsrc.classcharGLONGalactic Longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic Latitudedegpos.galactic.latOffsetOffset between the peak submm and pointing centre of the observationsarcsecpos;arith.difffloatDist? Heliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_Dist? Distance uncertaintykpcstat.errorfloatnullableTdust? Dust TemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tdust? Dust Temperature UncertaintyKstat.errorfloatnullablelogN(H2)? H_2_ column densitylog(cm**2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablelogMass? Clump masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablelogBolLum? Bolometric luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/MNRAS/484/4444/table5Molecular line detections towards ATLASGAL sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClumpATLASGAL catalogue namemeta.id;meta.maincharTransMolecular Transitionphyscharrms1 sigma noise valuemKstat.errorintVLSRLine VLSRkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloate_VLSRLine VLSR uncertaintykm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatTA*Line intensityKphot.antennaTempfloate_TA*Line intensity uncertaintyKstat.errorfloatdVLSRLine width (sigma)km/sspect.line.widthfloate_dVLSRLine width (sigma) uncertaintykm/sstat.errorfloatIntIntegrated intensityK.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatJ/MNRAS/484/4444/table10Parameters and noise values for all lines covered in the surveyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClumpATLASGAL catalogue namemeta.id;meta.maincharTransMolecular Transitionphyscharrms1 sigma noise valuemKstat.errorintVLSR? Line VLSRkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_VLSR? Line VLSR uncertaintykm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrdoublenullableTA*? Line intensityKphot.antennaTempfloatnullablee_TA*? Line intensity uncertaintyKstat.errorfloatnullabledVLSR? Line width (sigma)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_dVLSR? Line width (sigma) uncertaintykm/sstat.errordoublenullableInt? Integrated intensityK.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullable