J/MNRAS/482/2731ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/482/2731doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74822731CDSZafar T.Moller P.2024-08-19T20:14:54Z2022-08-02T07:35:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediumchemical-abundancesextinctionquasarsgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsDust plays a pivotal role in the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. In the era of mid-/high-resolution spectra and multiband spectral energy distributions, testing extinctions against gas and dust-phase properties is becoming possible. In order to test relations between metals, dust, and depletions, and comparing those to the Local Group (LG) relations, we build a sample of 93 {gamma}-ray bursts and quasar absorbers (the largest sample so far) which have extinction and elemental column density measurements available. We find that extinctions and total column density of the volatile elements (Zn,S) are correlated [with a best fit of dust-to-metals (DTM) 4.05x10^-22^mag.cm^2^] and consistent with the LG DTM relation. The refractory elements (Fe,Si) follow a similar, but less significant, relation offset about 1dex from the LG relation. On the assumption that depletion on to dust grains is the cause, we compute the total (gas+dust-phase) column density and find a remarkable agreement with the LG DTM relation: a best fit of 4.91x10^-22^mag.cm^2^. We then use our results to compute the amount of 'intervening metal from unknown sources' in random sightlines out to redshifts of z=5. Those metals implicate the presence of dust and give rise to an average 'cosmic dust dimming' effect that we express as a function of redshift, CDD(z). The CDD is unimportant out to redshifts of about 3, but because it is cumulative it becomes significant at redshifts z=3-5. Our results in this paper are based on a minimum of assumptions and effectively relying on observations.2019MNRAS.482.2731Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/482/2731CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/2731GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/482/2731/table1 (GRBs data used to estimate dust-to-metals ratios and N(Fe,Si)_dust_)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true256.062551.76666670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/482/2731/table2 (QSO DLAs and sub-DLAs data used to estimate dust-to-metals ratios and N(Fe,Si)_dust_)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/2731/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.06323360.80925170.0055555555555555566/4418 4481 4488 4634 4955 5263 5332 5376 5496 5780 5825 6109 6588 7532 8192 8305 8371 8569 8675 9321 9510 9592 9910 10080 10094 10250 10447 10589 11947 12438 13312 16991 18006 18084 18086 18308 18582 18765 18769 18858 18994 19049 19087 19097 19239 19293 19456 19731 20030 21595 21876 22559 25146 25901 25961 26196 26245 26362 26671 27037 27226 27650 27747 27933 27961 28260 28546 31185 31281 31385 31494 31700 33679 34699 34949 35330 39993 40433 42901 44857 45008 45401 45777 46953 47148 47162 47620 48054 48447 48804 49004https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/482/2731?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/482/2731/table1GRBs data used to estimate dust-to-metals ratios and N(Fe,Si)_dust_SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (GRB YYMMDDA)meta.id;meta.maincharl_AVLimit flag on AVmeta.code.errorcharAVExtinction in the V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatE_AV? Upper error on AVmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_AV? Lower error on AVmagstat.errorfloatnullablezabsRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatl_NHILimit flag on NHImeta.code.errorcharNHI? HI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NHI? Error on NHIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NZnIILimit flag on NZnIImeta.code.errorcharNZnII? ZnII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NZnII? Error on NZnIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NFeIILimit flag on NFeIImeta.code.errorcharNFeII? FeII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NFeII? Error on NFeIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NSIILimit flag on NSIImeta.code.errorcharNSII? SII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NSII? Error on NSIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NSiIILimit flag on NSiIImeta.code.errorcharNSiII? SiII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NSiII? Error on NSiIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReferences to original data, in refs1.dat filemeta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/482/2731/refs1References for table1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharJ/MNRAS/482/2731/table2QSO DLAs and sub-DLAs data used to estimate dust-to-metals ratios and N(Fe,Si)_dust_SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablee_NFeII? Error on NFeIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableNSII? SII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NSII? Error on NSIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NSiIILimit flag on NSiIImeta.code.errorcharNSiII? SiII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NSiII? Error on NSiIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReferences to original data, in refs2.dat filemeta.refcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainQSOQSO name (QSO HHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharl_AV[~<>] Limit flag on AVmeta.code.errorchar_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAVExtinction in the V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatE_AV? Upper error on AVmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_AV? Lower error on AVmagstat.errorfloatnullablezabsRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatNHI? HI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NHI? Error on NHIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NZnIILimit flag on NZnIImeta.code.errorcharNZnII? ZnII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NZnII? Error on NZnIIlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_NFeIILimit flag on NFeIImeta.code.errorcharNFeIIFeII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatJ/MNRAS/482/2731/refs2References for table2recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorchar