J/MNRAS/471/100ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/471/100doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74710100CDSElia D.Molinari S.Schisano E.Pestalozzi M.Pezzuto S.Merello M.,Noriega-Crespo A.Moore T.J.T.Russeil D.Mottram J.C.Paladini R.,Strafella F.Benedettini M.Bernard J.P.Di Giorgio A.Eden D.J.,Fukui Y.Plume R.Bally J.Martin P.G.Ragan S.E.Jaffa S.E.,Motte F.Olmi L.Schneider N.Testi L.Wyrowski F.Zavagno A.,Calzoletti L.Faustini F.Natoli P.Palmeirim P.Piacentini F.,Piazzo L.Pilbratt G.L.Polychroni D.Baldeschi A.Beltran M.T.,Billot N.Cambresy L.Cesaroni R.Garcia-Lario P.Hoare M.G.Huang M.,Joncas G.Liu S.J.Maiolo B.M.T.Marsh K.A.Maruccia Y.Mege P.,Peretto N.Rygl K.L.J.Schilke P.Thompson M.A.Traficante A.,Umana G.Veneziani M.Ward-Thompson D.Whitworth A.P.Arab H.,Bandieramonte M.Becciani U.Brescia M.Buemi C.Bufano F.Butora R.,Cavuoti S.Costa A.Fiorellino E.Hajnal A.Hayakawa T.Kacsuk P.,Leto P.Li Causi G.Marchili N.Martinavarro-Armengol S.Mercurio A.,Molinaro M.Riccio G.Sano H.Sciacca E.Tachihara K.Torii K.,Trigilio C.Vitello F.Yamamoto H.2025-03-07T20:14:07Z2020-07-03T14:00:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysmilky-way-galaxyinfrared-sourcesHi-GAL (Herschel InfraRed Galactic Plane Survey) is a large-scale survey of the Galactic plane, performed with Herschelin five infrared continuum bands between 70 and 500{mu}m. We present a band-merged catalogue of spatially matched sources and their properties derived from fits to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and heliocentric distances, based on the photometric catalogues presented in Molinari et al., covering the portion of Galactic plane -71.0{deg}<l<67.0{deg}. The band-merged catalogue contains 100 922 sources with a regular SED, 24584 of which show a 70-{mu}m counterpart and are thus considered protostellar, while the remainder are considered starless. Thanks to this huge number of sources, we are able to carry out a preliminary analysis of early stages of star formation, identifying the conditions that characterize different evolutionary phases on a statistically significant basis. We calculate surface densities to investigate the gravitational stability of clumps and their potential to form massive stars. We also explore evolutionary status metrics such as the dust temperature, luminosity and bolometric temperature, finding that these are higher in protostellar sources compared to pre-stellar ones. The surface density of sources follows an increasing trend as they evolve from pre-stellar to protostellar, but then it is found to decrease again in the majority of the most evolved clumps. Finally, we study the physical parameters of sources with respect to Galactic longitude and the association with spiral arms, finding only minor or no differences between the average evolutionary status of sources in the fourth and first Galactic quadrants, or between 'on-arm' and 'interarm' positions.2017MNRAS.471..100Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/471/100CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/208/14 : BGPS. IX. Data release 2. (Ginsburg+, 2013)J/A+A/565/A75 : ATLASGAL dust condensations in Galactic plane (Csengeri+ 2014)J/AJ/149/64 : MIPSGAL 24{mu}m point source catalog (Gutermuth+, 2015)J/A+A/591/A149 : Hi-GAL. inner Milky Way: +68>=l>=70 (Molinari+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/471/100GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/471/100/hcatalog (High reliability Hi-GAL catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/hcatalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/hcatalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/hcatalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.13256-28.789916940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/471/100/lcatalog (Low reliability Hi-GAL catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/lcatalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/lcatalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/471/100/lcatalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true265.83262-28.623511110.0055555555555555564/2652-2653 5/3242 3584-3585 3588-3589 3602-3603 7202-7203 7206-7207 7218 7225 7228-7229 7274-7275 7278-7279 7365 7376-7377 7382-7383 7554 7561 7564-7565 7567 7578-7579 7604-7605 7648 7650-7651 7654-7655 7661 7672-7673 7678-7679 9473 9475-9476 9480-9481 10413-10414 10418-10421 10424 10441-10445 10450-10454 10539 10542-10543 10553 10556-10557 10594-10595 10597-10599 10624 10753-10754 10760 6/12972 12974-12975 12986-12987 12990 14361 14364-14365 14367 14400 14402-14403 14406-14407 14418-14419 14424-14426 14436-14437 14448 28802-28803 28806-28807 28818-28819 28833 28837 28848-28849 28852-28853 28878-28879 28890-28891 28894 28896-28897 28899 28920-28921 28924-28925 29088 29090-29091 29094-29095 29106-29107 29162-29163 29444-29445 29456-29457 29513 29516-29517 29520 29522-29523 29526-29527 29556-29557 30220 30222-30223 30234-30235 30240-30241 30243 30253 30264-30265 30306-30307 30328 30330-30331 30334 30400-30401 30404-30405 30407 30425 30428-30429 30598-30599 30610 30629 30640-30641 30666-30667 30696-30697 30700-30701 30703-30704 30706-30707 30710-30711 32084-32085 37239 37245 37897-37899 37908 37912 37914 37928-37929 37932 41471 41595 41597-41599 41631 41647 41651 41660-41662 41669-41671 41688-41690 41700-41701 41704 41754-41755 41757-41759 41762-41763 41784-41785 41795 41798-41799 41820-41821 41824-41825 41828-41829 41856-41857 42154-42155 42163 42166-42167 42203 42206-42207 42209-42211 42216-42218 42220-42221 42232 42375 42386-42387 42400-42401 42404-42405 42500-42502 42512-42513 43011 43020-43022 43024-43026 43028 430481.8058623843283312e-22 9.827027931427413e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/471/100?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/471/100/hcatalogHigh reliability Hi-GAL catalogIDRunning number (1)meta.idintName24Designation of the MSX 24um counterpart (8)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName870Designation of the ATLASGAL 870um counterpart (9)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName1100Designation of the BGPS 1100um counterpart (10)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharFitType[Tk Tn] Flag on SED (13)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedF70? Flux density at 70um of PACS 70um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_F70? rms uncertainty on F70Jystat.errorfloatnullableF70tot? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 70um counterparts (4)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_F70totrms uncertainty on F70totJystat.errordoubleF70add? Flux of the closest PACS 70um counterpart (5)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_F70addrms uncertainty on F70addJystat.errorfloatF70addtot? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 70um counterparts (6)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_F70addtotrms uncertainty on F70addtotJystat.errorfloatF70lim? 5{sigma} upper limit in the PACS 70-um band, estimated where both F70tot=0 and F70addtot=0Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableF160? Flux density at 160um of PACS 160um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_F160? rms uncertainty on F160Jystat.errorfloatnullableF160add? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 160um counterparts (4)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_F160addrms uncertainty on F160addJystat.errorfloatF160lim? 5{sigma} upper limit in the PACS 70-um band, estimated where both F160tot=0 and F160addtot=0Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;stat.maxfloatnullableF250? Flux density at 250um of SPIRE 250um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F250? rms uncertainty on F250Jystat.errordoublenullableF350? Flux density at 350um of SPIRE 350um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F350? rms uncertainty on F350Jystat.errordoublenullableF350FSC? SPIRE 350um flux scaled, as mentioned in Section 3.1Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F350FSC? rms uncertainty on F350FSCJystat.errorfloatnullableF500? Flux density at 500um of SPIRE 500um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_F500? rms uncertainty on F500Jystat.errorfloatnullableF500FSC? SPIRE 500um flux scaled, as mentioned in Section 3.1Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_F500FSCrms uncertainty on F500FSCJystat.errorfloatF21? Flux at 21um of the closest MXS 21um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F21? rms uncertainty on F21Jystat.errorfloatnullableF21tot? Sum of fluxes of all MXS 21um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F21tot? rms uncertainty on F21totJystat.errorfloatnullableF22? Flux at 22um of the closest WISE 22um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22? rms uncertainty on F22Jystat.errorfloatnullableF22tot? Sum of fluxes of all WISE 22um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22tot? rms uncertainty on F22totJystat.errorfloatnullableF24? Flux at 24um of the closest MIPSGAL 24um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F24? rms uncertainty on F24Jystat.errorfloatnullableF24tot? Sum of fluxes of all MIPSGAL 24um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F24tot? rms uncertainty on F24totJystat.errorfloatnullableF870? Flux at 870um of the closest ATLASGAL 870um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F870? rms uncertainty on F870Jystat.errorfloatnullableF1100? Flux at 1100um of BOLOCAM 1100um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F1100? rms uncertainty on F1100Jystat.errorfloatnullableDFWHM250Circularized and (if the circularized size exceeds the instrumental beam size by a factor of psrt(2) beam-deconvolved size of the sources as estimated by CuTEx in the 250-um bandarcsecarith.factor;phys.angSize;instr.beamfloatDist? Kinematic distance of the source (11)pcpos.distanceintnullableNearDist? Near distance (11)pcpos.distanceintnullableFarDist? Far distance (11)pcpos.distanceintnullableDiamSource linear diameter, in pc, obtained by combining DFWHM250 and Distpcpos.distancefloatMLars? Larson's masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableFevol[0/2] Flag indicating the evolutionary classification of the source (14)meta.codeintMassClump total mass (15)solMassphys.massdoublee_Mass[] rms uncertainty on MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massdoubleTdustDust temperature of the clump, derived from the grey-body fitKphys.temperaturefloate_Tdustrms uncertainty on TdustKstat.errorfloatlambda0? Value of {lambda}_0_, derived from the grey-body fitumem.wlfloatnullableLbolBolometric luminosity (16)solLumphys.luminositydoubleLratio? Ratio between the bolometric luminosity and its fraction computed over the range {lambda}>=350umphys.luminosity;arith.ratiodoublenullableTbolBolometric temperature, calculated based on equation (5) of the paperKphys.temperaturefloatSurDensSurface density (17)g.cm**-2phot.flux.density.sbfloatNameDesignation (HIGALBMGLLL.llll+B.bbbb) (2)meta.id;meta.maincharName70Designation of the PACS 70-um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName160Designation of the PACS 160-um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName250Designation of the SPIRE 250um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName350Designation of the SPIRE 350um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName500Designation of the SPIRE 500um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName21Designation of the MSX 21-um counterpart, as defined in the MSX point source cataloguemeta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName22Designation of the WISE 22um counterpartmeta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharf_Dist[BG-] Flag indicating the quality of the distance near/far ambiguity solution (12)meta.codecharn_Mass[-] "-" for Mass calculated with a virtual distance of 1kpc (15)meta.notecharn_Lbol[-] "-" for Lbol calculated with a virtual distance of 1kpc (16)meta.notecharn_Lratio[I] I for infinitymeta.notecharJ/MNRAS/471/100/lcatalogLow reliability Hi-GAL cataloge_F160? rms uncertainty on F160Jystat.errorfloatnullableNearDist? Near distance (11)pcpos.distanceintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDRunning number (1)meta.idintGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedF70? Flux density at 70um of PACS 70um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_F70? rms uncertainty on F70Jystat.errorfloatnullableF70tot? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 70um counterparts (4)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_F70totrms uncertainty on F70totJystat.errordoubleF70add? Flux of the closest PACS 70um counterpart (5)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_F70addrms uncertainty on F70addJystat.errorfloatF70addtot? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 70um counterparts (6)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_F70addtotrms uncertainty on F70addtotJystat.errorfloatF70lim? 5{sigma} upper limit in the PACS 70-um band, estimated where both F70tot=0 and F70addtot=0Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableF160? Flux density at 160um of PACS 160um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullableF160add? Sum of fluxes of all PACS 160um counterparts (4)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_F160addrms uncertainty on F160addJystat.errorfloatF160lim? 5{sigma} upper limit in the PACS 70-um band, estimated where both F160tot=0 and F160addtot=0Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;stat.maxfloatnullableF250? Flux density at 250um of SPIRE 250um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F250? rms uncertainty on F250Jystat.errordoublenullableF350? Flux density at 350um of SPIRE 350um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F350? rms uncertainty on F350Jystat.errordoublenullableF350FSC? SPIRE 350um flux scaled, as mentioned in Section 3.1Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_F350FSC? rms uncertainty on F350FSCJystat.errorfloatnullableF500? Flux density at 500um of SPIRE 500um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_F500? rms uncertainty on F500Jystat.errorfloatnullableF500FSC? SPIRE 500um flux scaled, as mentioned in Section 3.1Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_F500FSCrms uncertainty on F500FSCJystat.errorfloatF21? Flux at 21um of the closest MXS 21um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F21? rms uncertainty on F21Jystat.errorfloatnullableF21tot? Sum of fluxes of all MXS 21um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F21tot? rms uncertainty on F21totJystat.errorfloatnullableF22? Flux at 22um of the closest WISE 22um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22? rms uncertainty on F22Jystat.errorfloatnullableF22tot? Sum of fluxes of all WISE 22um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22tot? rms uncertainty on F22totJystat.errorfloatnullableF24? Flux at 24um of the closest MIPSGAL 24um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F24? rms uncertainty on F24Jystat.errorfloatnullableF24tot? Sum of fluxes of all MIPSGAL 24um counterparts (7)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F24tot? rms uncertainty on F24totJystat.errorfloatnullableF870? Flux at 870um of the closest ATLASGAL 870um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F870? rms uncertainty on F870Jystat.errorfloatnullableF1100? Flux at 1100um of BOLOCAM 1100um counterpartJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F1100? rms uncertainty on F1100Jystat.errorfloatnullableDFWHM250Circularized and (if the circularized size exceeds the instrumental beam size by a factor of psrt(2) beam-deconvolved size of the sources as estimated by CuTEx in the 250-um bandarcsecarith.factor;phys.angSize;instr.beamfloatDist? Kinematic distance of the source (11)pcpos.distanceintnullableFarDist? Far distance (11)pcpos.distanceintnullablef_Dist[BG-] Flag indicating the quality of the distance near/far ambiguity solution (12)meta.codecharDiamSource linear diameter, in pc, obtained by combining DFWHM250 and Distpcpos.distancefloatMLars? Larson's masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableFitType[Tk Tn] Flag on SED (13)meta.codecharFevol[0/2] Flag indicating the evolutionary classification of the source (14)meta.codeintn_Mass[-] "-" for Mass calculated with a virtual distance of 1kpc (15)meta.notecharMassClump total mass (15)solMassphys.massdoublee_Mass[] rms uncertainty on MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massdoubleTdustDust temperature of the clump, derived from the grey-body fitKphys.temperaturefloate_Tdustrms uncertainty on TdustKstat.errorfloatlambda0? Value of {lambda}_0_, derived from the grey-body fitumem.wlfloatnullablen_Lbol[-] "-" for Lbol calculated with a virtual distance of 1kpc (16)meta.notecharLbolBolometric luminosity (16)solLumphys.luminositydoubleLratio? Ratio between the bolometric luminosity and its fraction computed over the range {lambda}>=350umphys.luminosity;arith.ratiodoublenullablen_Lratio[I] I for infinitymeta.notecharTbolBolometric temperature, calculated based on equation (5) of the paperKphys.temperaturefloatSurDensSurface density (17)g.cm**-2phot.flux.density.sbfloatNameDesignation (HIGALBMGLLL.llll+B.bbbb) (2)meta.id;meta.maincharName70Designation of the PACS 70-um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName160Designation of the PACS 160-um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName250Designation of the SPIRE 250um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName350Designation of the SPIRE 350um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName500Designation of the SPIRE 500um counterpart (3)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName21Designation of the MSX 21-um counterpart, as defined in the MSX point source cataloguemeta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName22Designation of the WISE 22um counterpartmeta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName24Designation of the MSX 24um counterpart (8)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName870Designation of the ATLASGAL 870um counterpart (9)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationcharName1100Designation of the BGPS 1100um counterpart (10)meta.id;phys.atmol.configurationchar