Bimodal radio variability in OVRO blazars J/MNRAS/467/4565 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/467/4565 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74674565 CDS Liodakis I. Pavlidou V. Hovatta T. Max-Moerbeck W. Pearson T.J.,Richards J.L. Readhead A.C.S. 2024-08-17T20:18:20Z 2017-03-29T08:39:25Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr bl-lacertae-objects quasars gamma-ray-astronomy radio-sources Blazars are known to show periods of quiescence followed by outbursts visible throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. We present a novel maximum likelihood approach to capturing this bimodal behavior by examining blazar radio variability in the flux-density domain. We separate quiescent and flaring components of a source's light curve by modeling its flux-density distribution as a series of "off" and "on" states. Our modeling allows us to extract information regarding the flaring ratio, duty cycle, and the modulation index in the "off"-state, in the "on"-state, as well as throughout the monitoring period of each blazar. We apply our method to a flux-density-limited subsample from the Owens Valley Radio observatory's 15 GHz blazar monitoring program, and explore differences in the variability characteristics between BL Lacs and FSRQs as well as between {gamma}-ray detected and non-detected sources. We find that: (1) BL Lacs are more variable and have relatively larger outbursts than the FSRQs; (2) unclassified blazar candidates in our sample show similar variability characteristics as the FSRQs; and (3) {gamma}-ray detected differ from the {gamma}-ray non-detected sources in all their variability properties, suggesting a link between the production of {gamma}-rays and the mechanism responsible for the radio variability. Finally, we fit distributions for blazar flaring ratios, duty cycles, and on- and off- modulation indices that can be used in population studies of variability-dependent blazar properties. 2017MNRAS.467.4565L https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/467/4565 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/MNRAS/438/3058 : 15GHz variability of {gamma}-ray blazars (Richards+, 2014) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/467/4565 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/467/4565/table8 (Variability parameters of OVRO monitored sources) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/467/4565/table8? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/467/4565/table8? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/467/4565/table8? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.2722031 -15.8519656 0.005555555555555556 6/18 27 47-48 60 80 110 128 180 242 255 304 344 376 421 438 465 514 532 548 556 574 579 583 600 611 677 694 700 804 861 893 900 911 944 991 1005 1019 1038 1085 1128-1129 1132 1154 1163 1210 1225 1250 1528 1550 1576 1584 1676 1701-1702 1875 1909 2087 2089 2098 2104 2107 2124 2143 2158 2178-2179 2214 2228 2235 2238 2280 2294 2331 2394 2397 2404 2414 2441 2448 2460 2469-2470 2515 2531 2564 2614 2631 2671 2710 2741 2750 2784 2817 2836 2844 2854 2867 2949 3402 3423 3428 3533 3820 3845 3877 3882 3886 4027 4032 4054 4089 4122 4241 4260 4318 4350 4409 4436 4446 4477 4486 4572 4575 4594 4601 4627 4695-4696 4746 4750 4754 4770 4820 4850 4866 4880 4940 4968 4987 4992 5001 5033 5119 5125 5139 5154 5163 5192 5200 5212 5222 5268 5284 5303 5345 5352-5353 5367 5371 5404 5423 5448 5458 5470 5535 5546 5574 5589 5598 5630 5637 5652 5657 5680 5693 5724 5766-5767 5773 5775-5776 5781 5814 5817 5838 5848 5870 5878 5881 5974-5975 5999 6014-6015 6018 6033 6035 6038 6088 6104 6140 6153 6164 6170 6174 6193 6219 6234 6243 6252 6267-6268 6280 6368 6381 6399 6406 6422 6448 6496 6501 6507 6531 6548-6549 6601 6604 6617 6633 6641 6646 6667 6671 6686 6716 6755 6777 6790 6815 6822 6853 6882 6888 6923 6927 6934 6948 6963 6976 6984 6996 7004 7030 7045 7106 7119 7129 7169 7226 7235 7245 7274 7336 7346 7351 7371 7389 7401 7426 7446 7472 7475 7510 7548 7564 7570 7581 7606 7623 7653 7709 7745 7758 7775-7776 7851 7857 7896 7911 7937 7942 7967 7969 7979 8031 8057 8067 8077 8106 8112 8123 8147 8175 8177 8187 8199 8220 8252-8253 8299 8339 8349 8365 8404 8466 8486-8487 8503 8514-8515 8536 8615 8699 8717-8718 8729 8759 8773 8805 8819 8830 8868 8912 8948 9016 9047 9075 9098 9125 9136 9142 9188 9202 9204 9220 9232 9248 9258 9275 9328 9352-9353 9381 9394 9403 9442 9460 9467 9477 9497 9512 9536 9540 9545 9549 9566 9570 9586 9588 9594 9612 9618 9629 9632-9633 9636 9648 9676 9681 9688-9689 9705 9707 9711 9714 9720 9723 9737 9813 9819 9899 9906 9966 9976 9978 9998 10006 10030 10033 10048 10087 10112 10137 10163 10170 10189 10213-10214 10237 10249-10250 10294 10314 10321 10336 10352 10401 10422 10426 10435 10466 10474 10491 10501 10519 10524 10529 10548 10561 10571 10597 10642 10681 10706 10710 10796 10798 10803 10877 10883 10921 10932 10969 10974 10983 10986 11024 11027 11032 11039 11041 11045 11055 11083 11094 11099 11106 11116 11118 11191 11212 11216 11260 11267 11279 11291 11321 11396 11402 11430 11523 11529 11552 11631 11639-11640 11669 11686 11715 11778 11783 11808 11839 11845 11874 11880 11891 11945 12019 12091 12166 12173 12209 12218 12239 12241 12293 12301 12311 12323 12352 12444 12466 12471 12475 12505 12547 12580 12588 12599 12604 12611 12619 12625 12632 12635 12664 12682 12851 12881 12896 12921 13060 13153 13156 13320 13341 13349 13352-13353 13359 13365 13410 13453 13470 13485 13496 13545 13572 13578 13582 13585 13649 13712 13731 13769 13792 13890 13892 13927 14474 14507 14587 14831 14842 14854 14858 14879 14899 14905 14916 14946 15023 15036 15067 15091 15147 15153 15207 15266 15286 15344 15819 15852 15895 15911 15916 15935-15936 15947 15951 15969 15973 15985 16027 16049 16059 16083 16093 16113 16129 16170 16184 16223 16254 16257 16272 16281 16298 16302 16309 16813 16877 17019 17023 17067 17159 17165 17171 17184 17186 17188 17206 17212 17215 17286 17351 17364 17366 17388 17401 17414 17426 17516 17537 17541 17579 17588 17602 17642 17665 17698 17718 17734 17791 17824 17857 17909 17917 17927 17944 17965 17979 17987 18002 18005 18035 18037 18084 18092 18119 18141 18158 18214 18239 18242 18271 18364 18378 18409 18457 18480 18504 18506 18548 18624 18661 18669 18718 18755 18766 18821 18853 18871 18875 18981 19023 19043 19066 19076 19088 19101 19142 19144 19166 19178 19189-19190 19202 19217 19223 19253 19308 19367 19370 19398 19436 19483 19523 19537 19549 19567 19593 19609 19615 19617 19622 19629 19694 19712 19743 19748 19831 19834 19860 19872 19878 19882-19883 19886 19890 19895 19914 19918 19930 19944 19946 19970 19996-19997 20006 20072 20099 20101 20119 20144 20146 20213 20224 20228 20249 20264 20290 20355 20358 20433 20468 20888 20908 20969 20974 21078 21147 21163 21170 21188 21248 21266 21298 21321 21348 21358 21403 21437 21445 21768 21872-21873 21885-21886 21905 21924 21935 21960 21968 21972 22298 22328 22363 22375 22384 22396 22501 22541 22554 22558 22659 22713 22804 22893 22917 22950 22993 23014-23016 23030 23099 23116 23121 23127 23131 23195 23204 23215 23219 23252 23261 23306 23323-23324 23336 23355 23364 23366 23383 23416 23420 23427 23436 23478 23548 23563 23691 24019 24084 24099-24100 24123 24415 24947 25016 25028 25036 25054 25196 25255 25284 25307 25409 25428 25501 25503 25549 25568 25572 25580 25630 25644 25647 25650 25654 25659 25673 25677-25678 25707 25742 25750 25800 25818 25824 25829 25835 25864 25937 25983 26083 26107 26111 26119 26131 26169 26225 26292 26303 26340 26345 26362-26363 26446 26469 26523 26550 26554 26569 26614 26624 26642 26696 26742 26834 26852 26883 26885 26898 26900-26901 26946 26954 26983 26985 27060 27096 27101 27131 27133 27138 27146 27169 27206 27212 27232 27243 27310-27311 27322 27404 27417 27423 27433 27436 27446 27464 27523 27559 27573 27579 27583 27595 27611 27689 27745 27765 27821 27845 27851 27866 27905 27909 28002 28042 28083 28139 28167 28208 28214 28258 28315 28318 28338-28339 28370 28383 28446 28453-28454 28463 28471 28479 28492 28517 28532 28542 28606 28643 29017 29337 29357 29373 29378 29384 29401-29402 29414 29570 29617 29620 29675 29714 29730 29772 29795 29823 29915 29974 29976 29996 30012 30050 30075 30094 30112 30131 30160 30171 30200 30203 30379 30757 30836 30840 30857 30864 30884 30928 30997 31002 31145 31154 31176 31190 31211 31229 31274 31276 31334 31355 31391 31399 31430 31451 31508 31520 31529 31539 31547 31555 31566 31634 31663-31664 31666 31711 31745 31773 31850 31857 31875 31894 31915 31930 31986 31991 31995 32035 32136 32160 32163 32231 32247 32261 32264 32289 32300 32309 32311 32325 32374 32397 32443 32454 32517 32527 32546 32580 32614 32650 32660 32663 32674 32684 32687 32691 32701 32738 32764 36188 36219 36282-36283 36295 36333 36343 36459-36460 36505 36531 36551 36554 36558 36578 36580 36585 36596 36602 36655 36665 36754 36785 36818 36840 36863 40342 40412 40434 40558 40658 40710 40727 40755 40762 40766 40784 40798 40831 40874 40885 44377 44381 44490 44502 44513 44526 44649 44656 44661 44663 44669-44670 44699 44714 44729-44730 44742 44774 44776 44802 44805 44815 44818 44896 44899 44908 45011 48538 48582 48589 48595 48610 48629 48729 48767 48798 48805 48814 48846 48878 48883 48893 48918 48965 48985 48995 49019 49069 49071 49084 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/467/4565?format=ascii Gamma-ray Radio default J/MNRAS/467/4565/table8 Variability parameters of OVRO monitored sources SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int OVRO Display the Richards et al. (2014, Cat. J/MNRAS/438/3058) data meta.ref.url char Name OVRO name (1) meta.id;meta.main char ft Duty cycle time.phase float e_ft Error on ft from the information matrix (2) stat.error float eftu Upper error on ft from the likelihood slice stat.error;stat.max float eftl Lower error on ft from the likelihood slice stat.error;stat.min float SOFF Off-state flux-density (2) Jy phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHz float e_SOFF Error on Off-state flux-density from the information matrix Jy stat.error float eSOFFu Upper error on Off-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.max float eSOFFl Lower error on Off-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.min float sigmaOFF Standard deviation on off-state flux-density Jy stat.stdev float e_sigmaOFF Error on the standard deviation of the off-state flux-density from the information matrix (2) Jy stat.error float esigmaOFFu Upper error on the standard deviation of the off-state flux-density Jy stat.error;stat.max float esigmaOFFl Lower error on the standard deviation of the off-state flux-density Jy stat.error;stat.min float SON On-state flux-density Jy phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHz float e_SON Error on On-state flux-density from the information matrix Jy stat.error float eSONu Upper error on On-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.max float eSONl Lower error on On-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.min float sigmaON Standard deviation on on-state flux-density Jy stat.stdev float e_sigmaON Error on the standard deviation of the on-state flux-density from the information matrix (2) Jy stat.error float esigmaONu Upper error on the standard deviation of the on-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.max float esigmaONl Lower error on the standard deviation of the on-state flux-density from the likelihood slice Jy stat.error;stat.min float _RA Positions from Simbad (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions from Simbad (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main