J/MNRAS/465/3039ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/3039doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74653039CDSContreras Pena C.Lucas P.W.Kurtev R.Minniti D.Caratti o Garatti A.,Marocco F.Thompson M.A.Froebrich D.Kumar M.S.N.Stimson W.,Navarro Molina C.Borissova J.Gledhill T.Terzi R.2024-08-16T20:20:06Z2019-02-11T14:38:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsvariable-starsline-intensitiesradial-velocityIn a companion work (Contreras Pena et al., 2017MNRAS.465.3011C, Paper I), we detected a large population of highly variable Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey, typically with class I or flat spectrum spectral energy distributions and diverse light-curve types. Here we present infrared spectra (0.9-2.5 {mu}m) of 37 of these variables, many of them observed in a bright state. The spectra confirm that 15/18 sources with eruptive light curves have signatures of a high accretion rate, either showing EXor-like emission features ({Delta}v=2 CO, Br{gamma}) and/or FUor-like features ({Delta}v=2 CO and H_2_O strongly in absorption). Similar features were seen in some long-term periodic YSOs and faders but not in dippers or short-term variables. The sample includes some dusty Mira variables (typically distinguished by smooth Mira-like light curves), two cataclysmic variables and a carbon star. In total, we have added 19 new objects to the broad class of eruptive variable YSOs with episodic accretion. Eruptive variable YSOs in our sample that were observed at bright states show higher accretion luminosities than the rest of the sample. Most of the eruptive variables differ from the established FUor and EXor subclasses, showing intermediate outburst durations and a mixture of their spectroscopic characteristics. This is in line with a small number of other recent discoveries. Since these previously atypical objects are now the majority amongst embedded members of the class, we propose a new classification for them as MNors. This term (pronounced emnor) follows V1647 Ori, the illuminating star of McNeil's Nebula.2017MNRAS.465.3039Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/465/3039CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/465/3011 : VVV high amplitude NIR variable stars (Contreras Pena+ 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3039GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/465/3039/table1 (Characteristics of the spectroscopic sample of VVV high-amplitude variables)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.1165417-62.95388060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/465/3039/table3 (Equivalent widths of common features found in near-IR spectra of YSOs detected in our VVV sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3039/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.116541667-62.9538805560.0055555555555555566/41599 41655 41671 41677 41682 41767 41770 41778 41813-41814 41817 41820 42155 42159 42170 42173 42216 42226-42228 42391-42392 42441 42512 43014-43015 43024 430267.952274030004205e-20 1.7798557115773645e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/465/3039?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/465/3039/table1Characteristics of the spectroscopic sample of VVV high-amplitude variablesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNoSequential numbermeta.recordintVNameVariable name (VVVvNNN, [CLM2017] VVVvNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag? J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? rms uncertainty on Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? rms uncertainty on Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmag? Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? rms uncertainty on Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableDKsmagKs_max_-Ks_min_ differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatalpha? Slope of the SED, from Paper Ispect.indexfloatnullabledSFR? likely distance to our objects estimated from SIMBADkpcpos.distancefloatnullableShapeShape, from Paper Isrc.morph.typecharTypeType, this paper (1)src.morph.typecharJ/MNRAS/465/3039/table3Equivalent widths of common features found in near-IR spectra of YSOs detected in our VVV samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates data in other tablesmeta.ref.urlcharTypeTypesrc.morph.typecharVNameObject VNamemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_VNameObservation numbermeta.notecharEWH2? H_2_ (2.12um) equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWH2? rms uncertainty on EWH20.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWBrg? Br{gamma} (2.16um) equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWBrg? rms uncertainty on EWBrg0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWNaI? NaI (2.21um) equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWNaI? rms uncertainty on EWNaI0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWCaI? CaI (2.26um) equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWCaI? rms uncertainty on EWCaI0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEW12CO? ^12^CO (2.293um) equivalent width (1) (2)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.COfloatnullablee_EW12CO? rms uncertainty on EW12CO0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWMgI? MgI (2.28um) equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWMgI? rms uncertainty on EWMgI0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePapIDisplay the Contreras Pena et al. (2017, Cat. J/MNRAS/465/3011) datameta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from vVVV catalog (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from vVVV catalog (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/465/3039/table4Radial velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVNameVariable namemeta.id;meta.maincharVlsrLSR velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloate_Vlsrrms uncertainty on Vlsrkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatdnear? Near distancekpcpos.distancefloatnullabledfarFar distancekpcpos.distancefloatJ/MNRAS/465/3039/table5Accretion luminosity from luminosity of the Br{gamma} linerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeTypesrc.morph.typecharVNameVariable namemeta.id;meta.maincharStateApproximate state (from the LC) at which the spectrum was takenmeta.notecharAKsAbsorption in Ks bandmagphys.absorptionfloatn_AKsNote on AKs (1)meta.notecharDistDistancekpcpos.distancefloatn_DistNote on Distance (1)meta.notecharLacc1Accretion luminosity from Calvet et al. (2004AJ....128.1294C)solLumphys.luminosityfloatLacc2Accretion luminosity from Muzerolle et al. (1998AJ....116.2965M)solLumphys.luminosityfloatJ/MNRAS/465/3039/tabled1Parameters derived from the Robitaille et al. (2007ApJS..169..328R) models SED fitting as explained in the textlogAgeAgelog(yr)time.agefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeTypesrc.morph.typecharVNameVariable namemeta.id;meta.maincharM*Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_M*Error on M* (upper value)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_M*Error on M* (lower value)solMassstat.errorfloatlogdMenv/dt? Envelope infall ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatnullablee_logdMenv/dt? rms uncertainty on logdMenv/dtlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogdMdisc/dtDisc mass accretion ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;phys.massfloate_logdMdisc/dtrms uncertainty on logdMdisc/dtlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloate_logAgerms uncertainty on Agelog(yr)stat.error;time.agefloatDistDistance to the systemkpcpos.distancefloatE_DistError on Dist (upper value)kpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DistError on Dist (lower value)kpcstat.errorfloatlogLbolBolometric luminosity of the systemlog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLbolrms uncertainty on logLbollog(solLum)stat.errorfloatchi2/Nchi^2^ per data point of the best-fitting modelstat.fit.chi2floatNfitsNumber of fits used to derive the weighted mean valuesmeta.numberintNfits2Number of models which envelope infall rate could be derivedmeta.numberint