J/MNRAS/465/3011ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/3011doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74653011CDSContreras Pena C.Lucas P.W.Minniti D.Kurtev R.Stimson W.,Navarro Molina C.Borissova J.Kumar M.S.N.Thompson M.A.Gledhill T.,Terzi R.Froebrich D.Caratti O Garatti A.2024-08-16T20:20:03Z2017-08-22T12:45:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpre-main-sequence-starsprotostarsinfrared-sourcesgiant-starsphotometryWe present the discovery of 816 high-amplitude infrared variable stars ({Delta}K_s_>1mag) in 119deg^2^ of the Galactic mid-plane covered by the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey. Almost all are new discoveries and about 50 per cent are young stellar objects (YSOs). This provides further evidence that YSOs are the commonest high-amplitude infrared variable stars in the Galactic plane. In the 2010-2014 time series of likely YSOs, we find that the amplitude of variability increases towards younger evolutionary classes (class I and flat-spectrum sources) except on short time-scales (<25d) where this trend is reversed. Dividing the likely YSOs by light-curve morphology, we find 106 with eruptive light curves, 45 dippers, 39 faders, 24 eclipsing binaries, 65 long-term periodic variables (P>100d) and 162 short-term variables. Eruptive YSOs and faders tend to have the highest amplitudes and eruptive systems have the reddest spectral energy distribution (SEDs). Follow-up spectroscopy in a companion paper verifies high accretion rates in the eruptive systems. Variable extinction is disfavoured by the two epochs of colour data. These discoveries increase the number of eruptive variable YSOs by a factor of at least 5, most being at earlier stages of evolution than the known FUor and EXor types. We find that eruptive variability is at least an order of magnitude more common in class I YSOs than class II YSOs. Typical outburst durations are 1-4yr, between those of EXors and FUors. They occur in 3-6 per cent of class I YSOs over a 4yr time span.2017MNRAS.465.3011Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/465/3011CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/337 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)II/348 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR2 (Minniti+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/465/3011GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/465/3011/table2 (Photometric parameters for 816 high amplitude near-infrared variables from VVV)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3011/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3011/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/465/3011/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true175.3965-62.34875280.0055555555555555565/10413 10419 10442-10444 10450-10451 10453 10543 10553 10556 10594-10595 10598 10609 10624 6/37895 37904-37905 37907 41595 41597-41599 41631 41647 41657-41662 41669-41671 41674-41675 41681-41686 41688-41689 41696-41698 41700 41755 41757-41759 41763-41764 41766-41767 41780-41782 41784-41785 41798-41799 41809-41811 41816-41818 41820 41824-41825 41828 41856 42155 42158-42159 42167 42169-42171 42206-42207 42210-42211 42216-42218 42220 42228-42230 42386-42387 42389-42391 42396-42398 42400-42401 42432 42434 42440-42442 42444-42445 42447-42448 42450 42500-42501 42512-42513 43013-43015 43017 43019-43022 43024-43026 43040 430427.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/465/3011?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/465/3011/table2Photometric parameters for 816 high amplitude near-infrared variables from VVVrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the K-band light curvemeta.ref.urlcharNameObject identifier (VVVvNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharVVVVVV survey designation (VVV JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleZmag? The Z band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Zmag? Error in Zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableYmag? The Y band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Ymag? Error in Ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableJmag? The J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? The H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Error in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmagThe Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagError in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatDeltaKsKs amplitude of the 2010-2015 light curvemagsrc.var.amplitude;em.IR.KfloatalphaClass? The 2-23um spectral index parameter that relates to the evolutionary class of sources that appear to be associated with SFRsspect.indexfloatnullableSFR[y/n] Whether the object is likely associated with SFRs or notmeta.codecharClassThe classification of the object from its light curvemeta.code.class;src.classcharPeriod? The approximate period for variable stars where we are able to measure this parameterdtime.periodfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/465/3011/table1Photometry of 816 high-amplitude variable starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject identifier (VVVvNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharEpochEpoch of observation, MJD-55200dtime.epochdoubleKmagThe Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KmagError in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloat