SAGE SMC evolved stars candidatesJ/MNRAS/457/2814ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/457/2814doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74572814CDSSrinivasan S.Boyer M.L.Kemper F.Meixner M.Sargent B.A.Riebel D.2024-08-15T20:18:02Z2017-03-06T14:11:23ZCDS support teamCDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, Francecds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudssupergiant-starsphotometryThe life cycle of dust in the interstellar medium is heavily influenced by outflows from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red supergiant (RSG) stars, a large fraction of which is contributed by a few very dusty sources. We compute the dust input to the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) by fitting the multi-epoch mid-infrared spectral energy distributions of AGB/RSG candidates with models from the Grid of RSG and AGB ModelS grid, allowing us to estimate the luminosities and dust-production rates (DPRs) of the entire population. By removing contaminants, we guarantee a high-quality data set with reliable DPRs and a complete inventory of the dustiest sources. We find a global AGB/RSG dust-injection rate of (1.3+/-0.1)x10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr, in agreement with estimates derived from mid-infrared colours and excess fluxes. As in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a majority (66 per cent) of the dust arises from the extreme AGB stars, which comprise only ~7 per cent of our sample. A handful of far-infrared sources, whose 24{mu}m fluxes exceed their 8{mu}m fluxes, dominate the dust input. Their inclusion boosts the global DPR by ~1.5x, making it necessary to determine whether they are AGB stars. Model assumptions, rather than missing data, are the major sources of uncertainty; depending on the choice of dust shell expansion speed and dust optical constants, the global DPR can be up to ~10 times higher. Our results suggest a non-stellar origin for the SMC dust, barring as yet undiscovered evolved stars with very high DPRs.2016MNRAS.457.2814Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/457/2814CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)J/AJ/137/3139 : LMC SAGE. New variable evolved stars and YSOs (Vijh+, 2009)J/AJ/137/4810 : LMC-SAGE AGB star candidates (Srinivasan+, 2009)J/ApJ/723/1195 : SAGE AGB candidates (Riebel+, 2010)J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/457/2814GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/457/2814/table5 (Photometry and SED fit results for our candidate list of evolved stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/457/2814/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/457/2814/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/457/2814/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.01425-73.06319440.0055555555555555565/8239 8248 8323-8324 8326 8329 8331-8332 6/32927 32943 32949-32951 32953-32955 32970-32971 32996 33000 33285-33287 33289 33291 33300 33302 33308 33310 33313-33315 33320-33321 33332 33336-333376.772611666688002e-21 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/457/2814?format=asciiOpticaldefault
J/MNRAS/457/2814/table5Photometry and SED fit results for our candidate list of evolved starsComFit comment (FITCOMMENT)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledchare_FW3? Broadband flux uncertainty in WISE W3 (11.6um) (DFLUXW3)Jystat.errordoublenullableUmag? Broadband magnitude in U (MAGU)magphot.mag;em.opt.UdoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSAGESAGE Designation of IRAC source (Mosaic Archive by default; if missing, Epoch 1 Archive) (IRAC_DESIGNATION)meta.id;meta.maincharClassColour classification (COLOUR_CLASS)src.classcharOGLE3OGLE-III identifier (OGLE3_ID)meta.idcharAKARIAKARI identifier (AKARI_ID)meta.idcharWISEWISE identifier (WISE_ID)meta.idcharFU? Broadband flux in U (FLUXU)Jyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_FU? Broadband flux uncertainty in U (DFLUXU)Jystat.errordoublenullableFB? Broadband flux in B (FLUXB)Jyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_FB? Broadband flux uncertainty in B (DFLUXB)Jystat.errordoublenullableFV? Broadband flux in V (FLUXV)Jyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_FV? Broadband flux uncertainty in V (DFLUXV)Jystat.errordoublenullableFI? Broadband flux in I (FLUXI)Jyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_FI? Broadband flux uncertainty in I (DFLUXI)Jystat.errordoublenullableFJ? Broadband flux in J (FLUXJ)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_FJ? Broadband flux uncertainty in J (DFLUXJ)Jystat.errordoublenullableFH? Broadband flux in H (FLUXH)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_FH? Broadband flux uncertainty in H (DFLUXH)Jystat.errordoublenullableFKs? Broadband flux in Ks (FLUXK_S)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_FKs? Broadband flux uncertainty in Ks (DFLUXK_S)Jystat.errordoublenullableF3.6? Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (FLUX3_6)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_F3.6? Broadband flux uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (DFLUX3_6)Jystat.errordoublenullableF4.5? Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (FLUX4_5)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F4.5? Broadband flux uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (DFLUX4_5)Jystat.errordoublenullableF5.8? Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (FLUX5_8)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F5.8? Broadband flux uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (DFLUX5_8)Jystat.errordoublenullableF8.0? Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (FLUX8_0)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F8.0? Broadband flux uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (DFLUX8_0)Jystat.errordoublenullableF24? Broadband flux in Spitzer/MIPS 24um (FLUX24)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F24? Broadband flux uncertainty in Spitzer/MIPS 24um (DFLUX24)Jystat.errordoublenullableF11? Broadband flux in AKARI S11 (11um) (FLUXN11)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F11? Broadband flux uncertainty in AKARI S11 (11um) (DFLUXN11)Jystat.errordoublenullableF15? Broadband flux in AKARI L15 (15um) (FLUXL15)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F15? Broadband flux uncertainty in AKARI L15 (15um) (DFLUXL15)Jystat.errordoublenullableFW3? Broadband flux in WISE W3 (11.6 um) (FLUXW3)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_Umag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in U (DMAGU)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UdoublenullableBmag? Broadband magnitude in B (MAGB)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_Bmag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in B (DMAGB)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableVmag? Broadband magnitude in V (MAGV)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_Vmag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in V (DMAGV)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VdoublenullableImag? Broadband magnitude in I (MAGI)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_Imag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in I (DMAGI)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableJmag? Broadband magnitude in J (MAGJ)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in J (DMAGJ)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableHmag? Broadband magnitude in H (MAGH)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_Hmag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in H (DMAGH)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HdoublenullableKsmag? Broadband magnitude in Ks (MAGK_S)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_Ksmag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Ks (DMAGK_S)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullable[3.6]? Broadband magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (MAG3_6)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_[3.6]? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (DMAG3_6)magstat.errordoublenullable[4.5]? Broadband magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (MAG4_5)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_[4.5]? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (DMAG4_5)magstat.errordoublenullable[5.8]? Broadband magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (MAG5_8)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_[5.8]? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (DMAG5_8)magstat.errordoublenullable[8.0]? Broadband magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (MAG8_0)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_[8.0]? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (DMAG8_0)magstat.errordoublenullable[24]? Broadband magnitude in Spitzer/MIPS 24um (MAG24)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_[24]? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Spitzer/MIPS 24um (DMAG24)magstat.errordoublenullableS11mag? Broadband magnitude in AKARI S11 (11um) (MAGN11)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_S11mag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in AKARI S11 (11um) (DMAGN11)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableL15mag? Broadband magnitude in AKARI L15 (15um) (MAGL15)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_L15mag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in AKARI L15 (15um) (DMAGL15)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullableW3mag? Broadband magnitude in WISE W3 (11.6um) (MAGW3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_W3mag? Broadband magnitude uncertainty in WISE W3 (11.6um) (DMAGW3)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableFIRGroupFIR group number (FIR_GROUP)meta.idcharSMCIRSSMC IRS identifier from Ruffle et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/451/3504) (SMC_IRS)meta.idcharSpClassSSpectroscopic classification from Ruffle et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/451/3504) (SAGE_SPEC_CLASS)src.classcharGClassGRAMS chemical classification (GRAMS_CLASS)src.classcharClassConfConfidence of chemical classification (CLASS_CONFIDENCE)src.classcharchi2BestLowest chi-square for best-fit chemical type (CHISQ_BEST)meta.notedoublechi2AltLowest chi-square for alternate chemical type (CHISQ_ALT)meta.notedoubleLum? Luminosity (LUM)solLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Luminosity uncertainty (DLUM)solLumstat.errordoublenullableDPR? Dust-production rate (DPR)solMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_DPR? Dust-production rate uncertainty (DDPR)solMass/yrstat.errordoublenullabletau? Optical depth at 10um (11.3um) for O-rich (C-rich) model (TAU)phys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublenullablee_tau? Optical depth uncertainty at 10um (11.3um) for O-rich (C-rich) model (DTAU)stat.errordoublenullableRin? Dust shell inner radius in stellar radii (RIN)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_Rin? Dust shell inner radius uncertainty in stellar radii (DRIN)stat.errorfloatnullableTinTemperature at dust shell inner radius (TIN)Kphys.temperaturedoublee_TinTemperature uncertainty at dust shell inner radius (DTIN)Kstat.errordoubleTeff? Effective temperature of model photosphere (TEFF)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintnullablee_Teff? Effective temperature uncertainty of model photosphere (DTEFF)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Surface gravity of model photosphere (LOGG)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_logg? Surface gravity uncertainty of model photosphere (DLOGG)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordoublenullableSageSMCDisplay the SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog data (IPAC 2009, Cat. II/305)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SAGE name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SAGE name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main