J/MNRAS/453/645ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/645doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74530645CDSMaud L.T.Moore T.J.T.Lumsden S.L.Mottram J.C.Urquhart J.S.,Hoare M.G.2024-08-15T20:15:36Z2016-05-17T12:32:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsh-ii-regionsco-line-emissionWe have observed 99 mid-infrared-bright, massive young stellar objects and compact HII regions drawn from the Red MSX source survey in the J=3-2 transition of ^12^CO and ^13^CO, using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. 89 targets are within 6kpc of the Sun, covering a representative range of luminosities and core masses. These constitute a relatively unbiased sample of bipolar molecular outflows associated with massive star formation. Of these, 59, 17 and 13 sources (66, 19 and 15 percent) are found to have outflows, show some evidence of outflow, and have no evidence of outflow, respectively. The time-dependent parameters of the high-velocity molecular flows are calculated using a spatially variable dynamic time-scale. The canonical correlations between the outflow parameters and source luminosity are recovered and shown to scale with those of low-mass sources. For coeval star formation, we find the scaling is consistent with all the protostars in an embedded cluster providing the outflow force, with massive stars up to ~30M_{sun}_ generating outflows. Taken at face value, the results support the model of a scaled-up version of the accretion-related outflow-generation mechanism associated with discs and jets in low-mass objects with time-averaged accretion rates of ~ 10^-3^M_{sun}_/yr on to the cores. However, we also suggest an alternative model, in which the molecular outflow dynamics are dominated by the entrained mass and are unrelated to the details of the acceleration mechanism. We find no evidence that outflows contribute significantly to the turbulent kinetic energy of the surrounding dense cores.2015MNRAS.453..645Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/453/645CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)J/A+A/461/11 : Radio observations of MYSO candidates (Urquhart+, 2007)J/A+A/474/891 : 13CO observations of YSOs in South Gal. plane (Urquhart+, 2007J/A+A/487/253 : The RMS survey: ^13^CO observations of YSOs (Urquhart+ 2008)J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)J/ApJS/208/11 : The Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/453/645GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/453/645/table1 (Source parameters for all objects in the sample, taken from the RMS survey online archive)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/453/645/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/453/645/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/453/645/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true274.8-20.791670.0055555555555555566/3157 3195 3198 3271 3290 3309 3606 3649 3728-3729 14063 14241 14267 14280 14282 14287 14304 14307 14309 14317 14622 14630 14655 14666 14671 14682 14689 14692 14697 14704 14713 14716 15368 15428 15430 15629 15681 15696 21504 22122 22243 23637 23764 23773 23969 29070 29100-29101 29112 29504 29513 29522 29533-29535 30219 30256 30262 30268 30315 30422 30618 30622 30694-30695 30717 30719 40619https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/453/645?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/453/645/table1Source parameters for all objects in the sample, taken from the RMS survey online archiveSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMSXMSX source name (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTypeType of the sourcesrc.classcharVlsrLSR velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatDistDistancekpcpos.distancefloatLLuminositysolLumphys.luminosityintIRASAssociated IRAS source namemeta.idcharOff? Offset of IRAS source to MSX sourcearcsecpos;arith.diffintnullableMSX6Display the MSX6C (Egan et al., 2003, Cat. V/114) datameta.ref.urlcharONamesOther names of associated source(s)meta.idcharJ/MNRAS/453/645/table2Outflow-detection parameters for all objects in the samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMSXMSX source name (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)meta.id;meta.maincharFlow[YMN] Nature of outfolw (1)meta.codecharSpec.NoiseSpectral noise ({sigma}_Tmb_)Kstat.snr;instr.det.noisefloatb_Dvb1? Lower value of raw velocity range extend of the blue-shifted lobe with respect to the observed velocitieskm/sinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableB_Dvb2? Upper value of of raw velocity range extend of the blue-shifted lobe with respect to the observed velocitieskm/sinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableb_Dvr1? Lower value of raw velocity range extend of the red-shifted lobe with respect to the observed velocitieskm/sinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableB_Dvr2? Upper value of raw velocity range extend of the red-shifted lobe with respect to the observed velocitieskm/sinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableBM? Blue-shifted map medium noiseK.km/sinstr.det.noisefloatnullablee_BM? rms uncertainty on BMK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableRM? red-shifted map medium noiseK.km/sinstr.det.noisefloatnullablee_RM? rms uncertainty on RMK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablevmaxb? Maximum velocity offset from the vLSR for the blue-shifted lobekm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatnullablevmaxr? Maximum velocity offset from the vLSR for the red-shifted lobekm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatnullableAper[YNS] Aperture flag (2)meta.code.error;phys.angSize;instr.fovcharJ/MNRAS/453/645/table3Mass, momentum and energy calculated for all sources (including those where D>6kpc) with outflows or with evidence of outflows where apertures could be definedMSXMSX Source Namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMassbBlue-shifted lobe mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatMassrRed-shifted lobe mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatMasstotTotal mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatPbBlue-shifted lobe momentum (1)solMass.km/sarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatPrRed-shifted lobe momentum (1)solMass.km/sarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatPtotTotal momentum (1)solMass.km/sarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatEbBlue-shifted lobe energy (1)1e+35Wphys.energyfloatErRed-shifted lobe energy (1)1e+35Wphys.energyfloatEtotTotal energy (1)1e+35Wphys.energyfloatJ/MNRAS/453/645/table4Dynamic timescale and tdyn-dependent parameters calculated for all sources (including those where D>6 kpc) with outflows or with evidence of outflows, where apertures could be definedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMSXMSX Source Namemeta.id;meta.maincharTdynbBlue-shifted lobe dynamic timescale (1)10000yrtime.epochfloatTdynrRed-shifted lobe dynamic timescale (1)10000yrtime.epochfloatTdynaveAverage (of both lobes) dynamic timescale (1)10000yrtime.epochfloatdM/dtbBlue-shifted lobe mass flow rate (1)0.0001solMass.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.massfloatdM/dtrRed-shifted lobe mass flow rate (1)0.0001solMass.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.massfloatdM/dttotTotal mass flow rate (1)0.0001solMass.yr**-1arith.rate;phys.massfloatdP/dtbBlue-shifted lobe force (1)0.001solMass.km.s**-1.yr**-1arith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatdP/dtrRed-shifted lobe force (1)0.001solMass.km.s**-1.yr**-1arith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatdP/dttotTotal force (1)0.001solMass.km.s**-1.yr**-1arith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatdE/dtbBlue-shifted lobe power (1)solLumarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatdE/dtrRed-shifted lobe power (1)solLumarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloatdE/dttotTotal power (1)solLumarith.factor;phys.mass.lossfloat