J/MNRAS/446/3461ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/446/3461doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74463461CDSUrquhart J.S.Moore T.J.T.Menten K.M.Konig C.Wyrowski F.,Thompson M.A.Csengeri T.Leurini S.Eden D.J.2024-08-14T20:19:05Z2015-11-24T15:42:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastrophysical-masersradio-astronomymolecular-cloudsgalaxy-classification-systemsWe report the results of 870{mu}m continuum observations, using the Large APEX Bolometer Camera, towards 77 class-II, 6.7-GHz methanol masers identified by the Methanol MultiBeam (MMB) survey to map the thermal emission from cool dust towards these objects. These data complement a study of 630 methanol masers associated with compact dense clumps identified from the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL) survey. Compact dust emission is detected towards 70 sources, which implies a dust-association rate of 99 per cent for the full MMB catalogue. Evaluation of the derived dust and maser properties leads us to conclude that the combined sample represents a single population tracing the same phenomenon. We find median clump masses of a few 10^3^M_{sun}_ and that all but a handful of sources satisfy the mass-size criterion required for massive star formation. This study provides the strongest evidence of the almost ubiquitous association of methanol masers with massive, star-forming clumps. The fraction of methanol-maser associated clumps is a factor of ~2 lower in the outer Galaxy than the inner Galaxy, possibly a result of the lower metallicity environment of the former. We find no difference in the clump-mass and maser-luminosity distributions of the inner and outer Galaxy. The maser-pumping and clump formation mechanisms are therefore likely to be relatively invariant to Galactic location. Finally, we use the ratio of maser luminosity and clump mass to investigate the hypothesis that the maser luminosity is a good indicator of the evolutionary stage of the embedded source, however, we find no evidence to support this.2015MNRAS.446.3461Uhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/446/3461CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue, MMBJ/MNRAS/431/1752 : ATLASGAL 6.7GHz methanol masers (Urquhart+, 2013)J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/446/3461GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/446/3461/table1 (Observed field positions and map sensitivity)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.6873333-24.09041670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/446/3461/table2 (The submillimetre sources detected in the reduced LABOCA maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/446/3461/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.68516-24.143850.0055555555555555566/21439 21458 21510 22122 22855 23764 23969 23982-23983 24320 24325 28812 28817 28912 28915 29101 29103 29114-29115 29118 29154 29160 29504-29505 29510 29513 37244 37334 37839 37846 37848 37850 37886-37887 37899 37903 37938 39251 39282 39384 41657 41660 41674-41676 41681 41683-41684 41704 41706 41766 41799 41805 41810 41812 41815-41816 42159 42168 42171-42172 42174 42210 42224 42391 42396 42417 42438 42456 42496-42497 42504 42515 430202.283270615984385e-22 2.283270615984385e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/446/3461?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/446/3461/table1Observed field positions and map sensitivityrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)obs.fieldcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainIntTimeIntergation timearcmintime.epochfloatPWVPrecipitable water vapourmmmeta.code;obsfloatrmsrms noise (in mJy/beam)mJystat.stdev;instr.det.noiseintATLASGAL[yes/no ] indicates whether a field was inside or outside the ATLASGAL survey regionmeta.codecharJ/MNRAS/446/3461/table2The submillimetre sources detected in the reduced LABOCA mapsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName derived from Galactic coordinates of the maximum intensity in the source (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharGLONmaxGalactic longitude of maximum intensity in the catalogue sourcedegpos.galactic.lonGLATmaxGalactic latitude of maximum intensity in the catalogue sourcedegpos.galactic.latGLONGalactic longitude of emission centroiddegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of emission centroiddegpos.galactic.latfloatamajSouce semi-major axisarcsecphys.angSize;srcintbminSouce semi-minor axisarcsecphys.angSize.sminAxisintPASource position angle (measured anticlockwise from Galactic north)degpos.posAngintReff? Effective radius of sourcearcsecphys.angSizefloatnullableSpeakPeak flux density at 870um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Speakrms uncertainty on SpeakJystat.errorfloatSint? Integrated flux density at 870umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_Sint? rms uncertainty on SintJystat.errorfloatnullableFlagSExtractor detection flag (see Bertin & Arnouts 1996A&AS..117..393B notes on these flags)meta.code.errorintSNRSignal-to-noise ratio (1)stat.snrfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/MNRAS/446/3461/table4Derived clump parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMMBMMB source name (LLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharsubmmsubmm source name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.idcharOffsetAngular offset between the peak of the submillimetre emission and the maser positionarcsecpos.angDistancefloatAspectAspect ratio (ratio of the semi-major to semi-minor sizes of the ATLASGAL source)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatY-factorRatio of the integrated and peak submillimetre emissionphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatDist? Heliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloatnullabler_Dist? Heliocentric distance reference (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableRGC? Galactocentric distancekpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatnullableRad? Effective physical radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatnullablelogNH2H_2_ column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatlogMclump? Clump mass derived from the integrated 870um emission assuming a dust temperature of 20Klog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablelogLMMB? Isotropic methanol-maser luminositylog(Jy.kpc**-2)phys.luminosityfloatnullable