J/MNRAS/434/806ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/434/806doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74340806CDSBell C.P.M.Naylor T.Mayne N.J.Jeffries R.D.Littlefair S.P.2024-08-06T20:16:44Z2014-09-24T11:04:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-associationspre-main-sequence-starsstellar-evolutionary-tracksphotometryWe have derived ages for 13 young (<30Myr) star-forming regions and find that they are up to a factor of 2 older than the ages typically adopted in the literature. This result has wide-ranging implications, including that circumstellar discs survive longer (=~10-12Myr) and that the average Class I lifetime is greater (=~1Myr) than currently believed. For each star-forming region, we derived two ages from colour-magnitude diagrams. First, we fitted models of the evolution between the zero-age main sequence and terminal-age main sequence to derive a homogeneous set of main-sequence ages, distances and reddenings with statistically meaningful uncertainties. Our second age for each star-forming region was derived by fitting pre-main-sequence stars to new semi-empirical model isochrones. For the first time (for a set of clusters younger than 50Myr), we find broad agreement between these two ages, and since these are derived from two distinct mass regimes that rely on different aspects of stellar physics, it gives us confidence in the new age scale. This agreement is largely due to our adoption of empirical colour-T_eff_ relations and bolometric corrections for pre-main-sequence stars cooler than 4000K. The revised ages for the star-forming regions in our sample are: ~2Myr for NGC 6611 (Eagle Nebula; M 16), IC 5146 (Cocoon Nebula), NGC 6530 (Lagoon Nebula; M 8) and NGC 2244 (Rosette Nebula); ~6Myr for {sigma} Ori, Cep OB3b and IC 348; ~10Myr for {lambda} Ori (Collinder 69); ~11Myr for NGC 2169; ~12Myr for NGC 2362; ~13Myr for NGC 7160; ~14Myr for {chi}Per (NGC 884); and ~20Myr for NGC 1960 (M 36).2013MNRAS.434..806Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/434/806CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/424/3178 : PMS isochrones. Pleiades benchmark (Bell+, 2012)http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/timn/Catalogues/ : The Cluster Collaborationhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/434/806GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/434/806/table1 (The central coordinates for each field of view and limiting magnitude in the INT-WFC (UgriZ)WFC bandpasses (for a signal-to-noise of 10) for our SFRs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true343.93041762.6704440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/434/806/catalog (Full catalog (tables 9--33 having an odd table number) (24-Jan-2024 version))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.22346667-24.655761110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/434/806/members (Catalog of members (tables 10--34 having an even table number) (24-Jan-2024 version))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/members?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/members?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/434/806/members?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true344.2884083362.559391670.0055555555555555566/1538-1539 3256-3257 14029 14031 14040 14042 15662-15663 15682-15683 15689 15748-15749 22249 22252 22849 22851-22852 22854 22857 22860 23695 23717 23719 23728 23730 23762-23763 23768-23769 24508 24510-24511 28890-28891 29461 29463 29506 39907 39910 39913https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/434/806?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/434/806/table1The central coordinates for each field of view and limiting magnitude in the INT-WFC (UgriZ)WFC bandpasses (for a signal-to-noise of 10) for our SFRsSFRCluster name \linkRole{summary from table2 }meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_SFRMultiplicity index of central sourcemeta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainUlim? Limiting magnitude in U WFC bandpassmagphot.magfloatnullableglimLimiting magnitude in g WFC bandpassmagphot.magfloatrlimLimiting magnitude in r WFC bandpassmagphot.magfloatilimLimiting magnitude in i WFC bandpassmagphot.magfloatZlimLimiting magnitude in Z WFC bandpassmagphot.magfloatFld1[7/90] Minimal Field number in table 9-34obs.fieldintFld2[7/93] Maximal Field number in table 9-34obs.fieldintJ/MNRAS/434/806/table2*Photometric catalogues presented in this studyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSFRCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTabTable numbermeta.idintNNumber of sources in the tablemeta.numberintFld1[7/90] Minimal Field number in table 9-34obs.fieldintFld2[7/93] Maximal Field number in table 9-34obs.fieldintDescDescriptionmeta.notecharSourceSources (1)meta.noteJ/MNRAS/434/806/refsReferencesComCommentsmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharJ/MNRAS/434/806/catalogFull catalog (tables 9--33 having an odd table number) (24-Jan-2024 version)Field[7.01/93.04] Fieldobs.fieldfloatprimaryID[1/20799] Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryindexedRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainXposX positionpixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleYposY positionpixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoublegmagWFC g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on gmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableg-iWFC g-i colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_g-i[-99/127] rms uncertainty on g-i (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableU-gWFC U-g colour indexmagphot.color;em.UV;em.optfloatnullablee_U-g[-99/99] rms uncertainty on U-g (2)magstat.errorfloatnullabler-iWFC r-i colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_r-i[-99/127] rms uncertainty on r-i (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablei-ZWFC i-Z colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_i-Z[-99/99] rms uncertainty on i-Z (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableUmagWFC U magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on Umag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablermagWFC r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on rmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableimagWFC i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on imag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableZmagWFC Z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Zmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on Zmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablef_UmagFlag on Umag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_rmagFlag on rmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_imagFlag on imag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_ZmagFlag on Zmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_gmagFlag on gmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_g-iFlag on g-i, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_U-gFlag on U-g, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_r-iFlag on r-i, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_i-ZFlag on i-Z, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharJ/MNRAS/434/806/membersCatalog of members (tables 10--34 having an even table number) (24-Jan-2024 version)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharField[7.01/93.04] Fieldobs.fieldfloatprimaryID[1/20799] Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryindexedRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainXposX positionpixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleYposY positionpixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoublegmagWFC g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on gmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableg-iWFC g-i colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_g-i[-99/127] rms uncertainty on g-i (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableU-gWFC U-g colour indexmagphot.color;em.UV;em.optfloatnullablee_U-g[-99/99] rms uncertainty on U-g (2)magstat.errorfloatnullabler-iWFC r-i colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_r-i[-99/127] rms uncertainty on r-i (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablei-ZWFC i-Z colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_i-Z[-99/99] rms uncertainty on i-Z (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableUmagWFC U magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on Umag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablermagWFC r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on rmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableimagWFC i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on imag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableZmagWFC Z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Zmag[-99/99] rms uncertainty on Zmag (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablef_gmagFlag on gmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_g-iFlag on g-i, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_U-gFlag on U-g, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_r-iFlag on r-i, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_i-ZFlag on i-Z, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_UmagFlag on Umag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_rmagFlag on rmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_imagFlag on imag, OO=OK (1)meta.codecharf_ZmagFlag on Zmag, OO=OK (1)meta.codechar