J/MNRAS/424/2832ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/424/2832doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74242832CDSLee K.J.Guillemot L.Yue Y.L.Kramer M.Champion D.J.2024-07-18T20:18:56Z2013-08-19T15:41:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelspulsarsphotometryclassificationgamma-ray-astronomyMachine learning, algorithms designed to extract empirical knowledge from data, can be used to classify data, which is one of the most common tasks in observational astronomy. In this paper, we focus on Bayesian data classification algorithms using the Gaussian mixture model and show two applications in pulsar astronomy. After reviewing the Gaussian mixture model and the related expectation-maximization algorithm, we present a data classification method using the Neyman-Pearson test. To demonstrate the method, we apply the algorithm to two classification problems. First, it is applied to the well-known period-period derivative diagram. Our second example is to calculate the likelihood of unidentified Fermi point sources being pulsars.2012MNRAS.424.2832Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/424/2832CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/424/2832GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/424/2832/table3 (The source list sorted according to our likelihood)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/424/2832/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/424/2832/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/424/2832/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true98.4791717.773890.0055555555555555565/7579 9335 6/60 100 110 172 189 250 289 398 428 438 447 514 556 579 716 720 731 770 808 813 851 893 911 968 991 1054 1085 1094 1120 1199 1222 1231 1264 1342 1354 1390 1462 1470 1482 1509 1538 1544 1593 1609 1622 1685 1700-1701 1791 1915 1957 1964-1965 2006 2028 2042 2091 2099-2100 2122 2140 2143 2228 2234 2273 2295 2331 2404 2411 2414 2439 2484 2574 2636 2663 2709 2741 2754 2792 2808 2822 2836 2855 2860 2865 2879 3017 3023-3024 3054 3061 3085 3099 3128 3130 3154 3196 3207 3234 3272 3278 3288 3302 3306 3308 3338 3340 3366 3431 3441 3465 3479 3492 3523 3569 3605 3616 3629 3642 3649-3652 3656 3667 3681 3700 3712 3754 3759 3784 3819 3843 3871 3876 3882 3886 3894 3951 4080 4088 4140 4255 4285 4312 4317 4352 4475 4480 4543 4572 4601 4685 4695 4750 4762 4770 4801 4820 4855 4865-4866 4880 4882 4941 4960 4964 5010 5072 5098 5139 5154 5162 5201 5270 5284 5352-5353 5361 5371 5390 5404 5423 5448 5458 5462 5483 5516 5522 5546 5596 5614 5693 5723 5771 5775-5776 5795 5803 5817 5836 5848 5870 5915 5990 6015 6018 6021 6062 6067 6088 6096 6101 6108 6153 6167 6292 6306 6348 6368 6406 6496 6498 6501 6507 6515 6559 6585 6636 6647 6723 6779 6787 6815 6822 6829 6888 6910 6948 6963 6984 6996 7004 7038 7045 7091 7131 7181 7212 7233 7285 7315 7346 7354 7389 7405 7426 7446 7448 7475 7515 7518 7548 7553 7576 7606 7623 7640 7653 7655 7709 7758 7764 7767 7896 7907 7911 7936 7951 7969 8004 8056-8057 8067 8071 8091 8100 8173 8177 8199 8247 8299 8302 8321 8374 8466 8474 8485 8515 8571 8612 8699 8717 8746 8818 8830 8915 8945 8955 8972 9003 9013 9075 9175 9196 9204 9417 9442 9459-9460 9501 9545 9566 9570 9612 9629 9632-9633 9647 9676 9688 9711 9714 9773 9821 9855 9893 9907 9914 9998 10006 10035 10046 10065 10071 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14797 14840 14854 14857 14906 14943 14976 15003 15023 15031 15059 15067 15147 15211 15269 15272 15286 15305 15310 15361 15372-15373 15376 15392 15397 15400 15406-15407 15410 15415-15416 15468 15486 15490 15493 15495 15631 15634 15644 15652 15667 15669 15677 15683 15688 15701 15703 15761 15783 15916-15917 15955 15969 15996 15998 16027 16057 16059 16086-16087 16170 16223 16272 16281 16298 16358 16447 16480 16510 16532 16534 16606 16655 16661 16665 16676 16696 16720 16736 16796 16816 16971 17019 17048 17154 17184 17186 17341 17347 17364 17366 17414 17516 17541 17579 17611 17665 17754 17775 17819 17842-17843 17857 17917 17927 17946 17955 17994 18035 18071 18084 18092 18109 18119 18153 18190 18210 18253 18270 18315 18343 18366 18402 18444 18457 18520 18624 18661 18718 18758 18853 18889 18985 19023 19037 19088 19149 19157 19190 19202 19306 19327 19332 19370 19373 19398 19421 19487 19493 19523 19525 19546 19589 19593 19616 19622 19629 19723-19724 19756 19789 19831 19878 19907 19910 19989 20007 20016 20021 20049 20083 20099 20141 20202 20215 20230 20325 20456 20468 20478 20481 20489 20554 20606 20611 20657 20735 20777 20781 20836 20888 20896 20908 20920 20932 20935 21010 21121 21131 21142 21160 21164 21179 21188 21266 21358 21438-21439 21458 21471 21511 21564 21574 21593 21626 21646-21647 21656 21710 21754 21758 21764 21768 21793 21806 21873 21898 21905 21935 21960 21968 21972 22047 22083 22122 22154 22186 22222 22239 22243-22244 22249 22253 22255 22267 22271 22305 22363 22396 22501 22558 22614 22658 22683 22730 22804-22805 22828 22849 22855 22864 22876 22894 22917 22950 23011 23014-23015 23022 23039 23099 23105 23121 23127 23134 23181 23215 23222 23227 23333 23338 23364 23383 23416 23436 23513 23639 23646 23691 23718 23830 23835 23882 23897 23932 23952 23982 23995 24027 24084 24112 24123 24185 24260 24272 24307 24340 24384 24444 24454 24471 24482 24554 24558 24564 24566 24635 24775 24785 24798 24819 24828 24836 24845 24853 24885 24902 24906 24910 24941 24980 25061 25065 25106 25132 25142 25196 25234 25239 25302 25387 25389 25409 25468 25501 25503 25519 25542 25544 25630 25647 25649 25677 25750 25760 25781 25807 25818 25820 25835 25857 25864 25910 26032 26036 26083 26131 26203 26242 26254 26256 26292 26297 26303 26340 26363 26442 26483 26532 26542 26550 26553 26565 26626 26695 26798 26824 26848 26892 26897-26898 26964 26983 26996 27058 27060-27061 27082 27126 27138 27206 27217 27223 27242 27248 27310-27311 27327 27329 27423 27433 27436 27472 27523-27524 27651 27765 27797 27846 27857 27945 28042 28066 28083 28101 28117 28138-28139 28199 28225 28290 28342 28350 28352 28370 28388 28454 28479 28492 28498 28506 28517 28546 28673 28675 28702 28716 28736 28748 28751 28754 28781 28804-28805 28808 28811-28814 28817 28821 28823-28825 28828 28830 28836 28839 28848 28854 28856 28858-28859 28862 28890 28892 28894 28900 28904-28905 28912-28913 28918-28919 28943 28947 28970-28971 29002 29016-29018 29072 29090 29097 29100 29109 29112-29113 29118 29154 29160 29162 29180 29185 29207 29213 29252 29261 29267 29300 29322 29336 29471 29504-29505 29511 29514 29523 29531-29532 29547 29570 29575 29607 29620 29626 29647 29659 29717 29729 29754 29771-29772 29782 29795 29803 29816 29828 29835 29844 29881 29952 29991 30012 30015 30036 30086 30193 30195-30196 30218 30241 30244-30245 30247 30252 30254 30256 30258-30259 30262-30263 30269 30284 30301 30312 30330 30341 30352 30356 30405 30417 30420 30428 30446 30518 30565 30570 30573 30585 30593 30601 30616-30617 30622 30634 30669 30692 30694 30697 30715-30716 30743 30781 30808 30813 30827 30836 30842 30928 30968 30981 30991 30995 30999 31003 31011 31032 31079 31093 31111 31116 31190 31199 31221 31228 31239 31262 31283 31316 31362 31407 31431 31451 31485 31566 31575 31599 31656 31663-31664 31688 31720 31763 31773 31778 31788 31796 31822 31837 31844 31856 31860 31875 31894 31899 31915 31930 31967 31976 32034-32035 32050 32068 32087 32160 32174 32185 32247 32249 32261 32288 32311 32345 32370 32539 32546 32581 32605 32611 32621 32628 32712 32739 32809 32831-32832 32904 33030 33040 33046 33059 33075 33079 33100 33113 33173 33198 33238 33295 33321 33356 33370 33382 33412 33457 33464 33467 33506 33528 33549 33560 33570 33611 33744 33746 33774 33818 33825 33827 33865 33880-33881 33898 33929 33964 33970 34034 34038 34085-34086 34095 34107 34123 34128 34163 34171 34184 34209 34264 34317 34375 34428 34437 34461 34492 34517 34528 34569 34572 34593 34637 34656 34675 34699 34747 34767 34779 34870-34871 34911 34956 34968 35058 35063 35074 35076 35078 35119 35146 35187 35199 35227 35252 35281 35333 35370 35475 35498 35501 35535 35624 35700 35706 35722 35786 35801 35826 35963 35981 36033 36058 36090 36100 36133 36144 36151 36155 36188 36278 36296 36394 36548 36551 36554 36602 36615 36665 36688 36708 36716 36719 36770 36882 36886 36910 36941 36957 36973 36975 37040 37045 37127 37183 37197 37222 37238 37246 37310 37338 37354 37361 37367 37385 37479 37487 37512 37519 37529 37568 37623 37686 37688 37752 37779 37829 37846 37848 37850-37851 37861-37863 37867 37869 37871 37873-37874 37881 37884 37886 37900 37912 37923-37926 37928-37929 37931 37934 37937 37940 37991 37994 38016-38018 38020 38022 38026 38081 38112 38184 38189 38261 38277 38354-38355 38369 38481 38488 38511 38610 38633 38714 38759 38766 38797 38802 38873 38911 38918 38931 38947 39092 39111 39131 39140 39210 39235 39241 39249 39260 39266 39272 39466 39489 39505 39544 39570 39658 39671 39733 39752 39777 39789 39799 39889 39963 39969 39974 39978 39998 40096 40113 40143 40174 40194 40205 40214 40265 40329 40344 40352-40353 40392 40403 40412 40422 40474 40479 40533 40585 40633 40636 40680 40689 40703 40762 40766 40811 40874 40885 40905 40949 41047 41058 41072-41073 41088 41110 41217 41298 41335 41345 41363 41374 41426 41460 41510 41524 41543 41571 41583-41584 41598-41599 41619 41630 41644 41653-41654 41661 41671 41681 41683 41685 41689 41692 41695 41699 41701 41725 41735 41740 41743 41758 41770 41772 41780 41782 41786 41794 41802 41809 41815 41837 41857 41891 41908 41937-41938 41942 41964 41988 42005 42038 42043 42107 42136 42140 42143 42150 42157 42168-42169 42171-42173 42176 42188-42190 42193 42198-42199 42205-42207 42212 42214-42216 42220-42221 42225-42226 42235 42256 42261 42291 42311 42332 42335-42336 42369 42378-42379 42384 42432 42434 42438 42444-42445 42454 42481 42493 42498 42511 42515 42518 42530 42541 42545 42561 42565 42570 42583 42585 42596 42609 42658 42744 42779 42812 42822 42841 42853 42901 42914 42916 42945 42976 42979-42981 42989-42990 42993 43003 43019 43021 43024 43029 43038 43040 43066 43075 43077 43085 43109 43112 43116 43122 43156 43186 43194 43225 43227 43233 43246 43262 43265 43280 43319 43366 43380 43399 43412 43435 43447 43451 43487 43531 43544 43556 43596-43597 43632 43643 43660 43822 43824 43848 43862 43879 43888 43891 43905 43912 43985 43996 44011 44059 44069 44106 44147 44153 44166 44241 44247 44253 44284 44302 44313 44340 44356 44540 44582 44585 44592 44654 44669 44704 44730 44777 44791 44813 44908 45011 45081 45122 45178 45189 45199 45242 45284 45293 45316 45397 45446 45482 45490 45496 45586 45618 45713 45736 45741 45774 45820 45836 45914 45970 46035 46055 46057 46142 46158 46204 46237 46251 46258 46280 46285 46310 46337 46361 46369-46370 46373-46374 46394 46442 46444-46445 46448 46501 46534 46545 46547 46564 46568-46569 46613 46626 46721 46740 46787 46798 46835 46852 46872 46887 46963-46964 47014 47016 47057 47080 47107 47154 47196 47248 47277 47306 47319 47375 47398 47413 47419 47442 47461 47512 47534 47540 47606 47630 47675 47708 47714 47742 47866 47894 47939 47960 47963 47969 48019 48023 48123 48193 48227 48388 48443 48528 48575 48589 48595 48603 48624 48629 48685 48743 48773 48798 48829 48840 48844 48868 48885 48914 48957 48962 48985 49037 49071 49083 49141https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/424/2832?format=asciiGamma-rayRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/424/2832/table3The source list sorted according to our likelihoodrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2FGL2FGL name, JHHMM.m+DDMMa (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleemajSemimajor axis of error ellipse at 68% confidence leveldegphys.angSize.smajAxis;pos.errorEllipsefloateminSemiminor axis of error ellipse at 68% confidence leveldegphys.angSize.sminAxis;pos.errorEllipsefloatFluxPhoton flux for 1-100GeVph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.fluxdoubleScSignificance of the fit improvement using a curved spectrumstat.fit.goodnessfloatVarVariability index of the {gamma} emissionsrc.var.indexdoublelogRs[-181/56] Likelihood ratio of being a pulsarstat.likelihoodfloatIDIdentified or likely associated sourcemeta.id.assoccharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar