J/ApJS/280/39ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/280/39CDSLi L.Xue S.-S.Cai R.-G.2026-07-22T08:02:06Z2026-07-22T08:56:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstspolarimetryvisible-astronomyradio-sourcesx-ray-sourcesredshiftedDespite decades of polarization observations and high significance of polarized {gamma}-ray, X-ray, optical, and radio emissions in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) accumulating in dozens of cases, people have yet to find a consistent scenario for understanding the globally observed timing properties of GRB polarization to date. Here, we report that the observed properties of GRB polarization exhibit a four-segment timing evolution at a cosmological distance: (i) an initial hump early on (within the first few seconds); (ii) a later-on power-law decay (from ~10^1^ to ~10^4^s), which takes the form of {Pi}_obs_{propto}t^-0.50+/-0.02^; (iii) afterward a late-time rebrightening hump (from ~10^4^ to ~10^5^s); and (iv) finally a flattening power-law decay (from ~10^5^ to ~10^7^s), with the form of {Pi}_obs_{propto}t^-0.21+/-0.08^. We show that these results can be explained by relativistic and geometric effects of a highly relativistic and magnetized jet generated by a central engine, and "magnetic patches" distributed as a globally random but locally coherent form. The long-term timing evolution of observed GRB polarization follows a scaling law {Pi}_obs_{propto}1/S_obs_, dominantly determined by how "magnetic patches" are randomly distributed in the observed emission region Sobs on the jet plane of 1/{Gamma} cone. It predicts the polarization hump and tail form in accordance with the luminosity jet-break phenomenon. Our analysis suggests that there is a single dominant mechanism (relativistic and geometric effects) that may account for the global observational properties of GRB polarization, and other emission mechanisms and effects may play a role in spatially local and temporally short effects on GRB polarization.2025ApJS..280...39Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/280/39CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/other/NewA/29.65 : MASTER polarization observations (Pruzhinskaya+, 2014)J/ApJ/843/143 : Polarimetry & photometry of GRB with RINGO2 (Steele+, 2017)J/ApJ/886/20 : Bayesian time-resolved spectra of Fermi GBM pulses (Yu+, 2019)J/ApJS/254/35 : Fermi GBM GRBs with multiple pulses (Li+, 2021)J/A+A/690/A216 : GRB210610B polarization images (Agui Fernandez+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/280/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/280/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/280/39https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/280/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/280/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/280/39GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/280/39/table1 (A full catalog of GRB polarimetric observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/280/39/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/280/39/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/280/39/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true182.05-8.23330.0055555555555555566/185 646 745 3059 3586 3881 5051 5481 6441 6729 7532 7589 7614 8741 9060 9363 9576 9910 10565 10589 12226 12425 12848 13182 14913 15360 15553 16187 16884 17163 17786 17945 18728 19519 19864 22559 22590 22793 22944 23006 24007 24072 24897 25148 25336 25452 25454 25946 28344 28546 28555 28959 30886 30956 31281 31903 33306 33525 33860 36107 38688 39076 39805 41095 41729 43853 45347 45509 46710 47217 48007 48804https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/280/39?format=asciiGamma-rayX-rayOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/280/39/table1A full catalog of GRB polarimetric observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGamma-Ray Burst identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharl_PolDeg[{<=}> ] Limit flag on PolDegmeta.code.errorcharPolDeg[0/98]? Degree of polarization; {pi}_obs_% (1)%phys.polarizationfloatnullableE_PolDeg[0.3/57]? Upper uncertainty in PolDeg (1)%stat.error;stat.max;phys.polarizationfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPositions from SIMBAD if any (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPositions from SIMBAD if any (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablee_PolDeg[0.04/46]? Lower uncertainty in PolDeg (1)%stat.error;stat.min;phys.polarizationfloatnullablen_PolDeg[~lc%] Note on PolDeg (2)meta.note;phys.polarizationcharl_PolAngLimit flag on PolAngmeta.code.errorcharPolAng[-78.1/189]? Polarization angle (1)degpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloatnullableE_PolAng[4.5/25]? Upper uncertainty in PolAng (1)degstat.error;pos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloatnullablee_PolAng[2.3/67.5]? Lower uncertainty in PolAng (1)degstat.error;pos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloatnullablen_PolAng[~v] Note on PolAng (2)meta.note;pos.posAng;phys.polarizationcharFreqEnergy or wavelength band (3)em.freqcharBandWave band ("Optical", "Radio", "hard X-rays", "{gamma}ray" or "soft {gamma}-ray")instr.bandpasscharTimeTime since maximumtime.intervalcharSigSignificancestat.fit.goodnesscharf_Inst[def] Flag on Inst (4)meta.codecharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharBibcodeReference's ADS bibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharl_zLimit flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharz[0.0085/4.5]? Redshift; spectroscopic unless notedsrc.redshiftfloatnullablef_z[a?] Flag on z (a=photometric) (4)meta.codechar