J/ApJS/278/57ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/278/57CDSSkowron D.M.Drimmel R.Khanna S.Spagna A.Poggio E.Ramos P.2026-05-07T13:53:31Z2026-05-07T10:38:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsinfrared-photometrystellar-distanceextinctionstellar-agesvisible-astronomymilky-way-galaxyClassical Cepheids are the archetype of the standard candle, thanks to the period-luminosity relation, which allows us to measure their intrinsic brightness. They are also relatively young and bright, potentially making them excellent tracers of the young stellar population that is responsible for shaping the visible aspect of our Galaxy. However, being observers embedded in the dusty interstellar medium of the Galaxy, deriving reliable photometric distances to classical Cepheids of the Milky Way is a challenge. The typical approach is to use "reddening-free" indices, such as Wesenheit magnitudes, to obviate the need for an extinction correction. However, this approach could lead to unknown systematics-especially toward the inner Galaxy-as its assumption of a universal total-to-selective extinction ratio is not satisfied, particularly in lines of sight where the extinction is high and crosses spiral arms. We instead estimate new distances for 3424 Cepheids based on mid-IR photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which suffers minimally from extinction, and by adopting a 3D extinction map to calculate the necessary (albeit small) extinction corrections. We show that our distances are consistent with Gaia's parallaxes for the subset with relative parallax errors smaller than 10%, verifying that our mean distance errors are of the order of 6% and that the mean parallax zero-point for this subsample is 7{mu}as.2025ApJS..278...57Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/278/57CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+, 2007-2017)B/corot : CoRoT observation log (N2-4.4) (CoRoT 2016)II/273 : MISAO new variable stars (Yoshida+, 1999-2000)II/264 : ASAS Variable Stars in Southern hemisphere (Pojmanski+, 2002-2005)II/287 : Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) (Wozniak+, 2004)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)II/365 : The CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)V/155 : GDR2AP. Gaia DR2, 2MASS, AllWISE astrophys. param. (Fouesneau+, 2022)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/358 : Gaia DR3 Part 4. Variability (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/376 : VISTA Variable in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV) DR4.2 (Minniti+, 2023)II/390 : EROS light curve data base (EROS coll., 2025)J/AcA/51/221 : OGLE-II. Cepheids in IC 1613 (Udalski+, 2001)J/A+A/453/635 : Modelling the Gal. Interstellar Extinction (Marshall+, 2006)J/ApJ/663/320 : IR-through-UV extinction curve (Fitzpatrick+, 2007)J/AJ/137/4598 : VR light curve of ASAS-North Cepheids (Schmidt+, 2009)J/ApJ/713/615 : Very metal-poor Cepheid models (Marconi+, 2010)J/AcA/61/285 : VI LCs of Galactic Bulge Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/76 : Spitzer photometry of LMC Cepheids (Scowcroft+, 2011)J/ApJ/759/146 : Spitzer/IRAC phot. for 37 Galactic Cepheids (Monson+, 2012)J/A+A/550/A70 : Gal. & Magellanic Cloud Cepheids distance (Groenewegen 2013)J/A+A/566/A37 : Iron abundances for 42 Galactic Cepheids (Genovali+, 2014)J/AcA/67/297 : OGLE Gal. center Cepheids and RR Lyrae (Soszynski+, 2017)J/A+A/620/A99 : SMC Cepheids K-band and RV curves (Gieren+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A8 : Cepheid period-lum-metallicity relation (Groenewegen, 2018)J/AJ/156/241 : Catalog of variable stars measured by ATLAS (Heinze+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A9 : Extinction towards Galactic O stars (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2018)J/AcA/68/315 : OGLE Galactic Cepheids (Udalski+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/78 : JHKs, WISE & Spitzer data of Galactic Cepheids (Wang+, 2018)J/ApJ/885/131 : High-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)J/other/Sci/365.478 : Milky Way classical Cepheids sample (Skowron+, 2019)J/AcA/69/305 : Northern Galactic disk classical Cepheids (Skowron+, 2019)J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)J/AcA/70/101 : OGLE IV Galactic Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2020)J/ApJ/914/127 : Gaia-ASAS-SN classical Cepheid sample. I. (Inno+, 2021)J/A+A/651/A104 : Spiral arms Gaia EDR3 (Poggio+, 2021)J/MNRAS/508/4047 : Classical Cepheids HARPSN@TNG spectroscopy (Ripepi+, 2021)J/A+A/659/A167 : Cepheid Period-Wesenheit-Metallicities (Ripepi+, 2022)J/A+A/672/A85 : Galactic Cepheid luminosity scale (Cruz Reyes+, 2023)J/A+A/674/A17 : Gaia Data Release 3. The Cepheids sample (Ripepi+, 2023)J/A+A/683/A234 : Cepheid Metallicity in Leavitt Law Survey (Bhardwaj+, 2024)J/A+A/681/A65 : Cepheids PL relation metallicity dependence (Trentin+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/57https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/57GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/57/table1 (Cepheid distance catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/57/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/57/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/57/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.2468002860.959001660.0055555555555555564/2333 2688 5/763 765 767 790 907 930 3584-3585 3587-3589 3591 3600 3602-3603 3606-3607 3609 3613 3650 3657 3660-3661 3842-3843 3847-3849 3852-3853 3856 3858-3859 3862-3863 3905 3908 3920 5205 5905 7554 7564 7567 7579 7651 7656-7657 7660-7661 7672 7674-7675 7678-7679 8016 8021 9311 9339-9341 9425 9427-9430 9436-9438 9458 9466-9468 9472-9473 9475-9476 9478 9480-9482 9504 9807-9808 9811 9841 9854 9925 9937-9938 9946 9971 9980 9982-9983 10394 10397 10407 10411-10414 10416 10418 10420 10424 10441 10450-10452 10538-10539 10553 10760 6/1239 1249 1282 1290 1299 1306 1309 1323 1326 1329 1331-1332 1340 1348 1383 1385 1388 1402 1411 1421-1422 1426 1429 1431-1432 1441 1445 1452-1453 1460 1465 1467 1475 1624-1625 1631 1652-1653 1752 1757 1765 1775 1781-1783 1785 1789-1790 1794 1798-1800 1803 1805-1806 1817 1824 1829-1830 1836-1838 1849 1858 1861 1894 1920 1922-1925 1931 1933 1935 1952 1962 1985 2391 2525 2684 2805 2932 2941 2943 3000 3005 3020 3022 3027 3031 3033 3037-3038 3045-3047 3049-3050 3059 3065 3155 3157 3164 3166 3175 3177 3182-3183 3186-3187 3190 3196 3198 3239 3251-3252 3255 3261 3263 3268 3270-3271 3274-3275 3278-3280 3284-3285 3287-3288 3304 3306 3309 3311-3312 3316-3317 3321-3322 3328-3329 3332 3336-3337 3342 3361-3362 3364-3365 3378 3459 3467 3589-3590 3599-3601 3605-3607 3609-3610 3613 3615-3616 3621 3627 3632-3633 3635-3636 3640-3641 3644-3645 3647-3648 3650 3652 3656-3657 3663 3665-3666 3682 3687 3696 3712-3714 3716 3718-3719 3724-3726 3728 3731 3737-3738 3741 3744 3747 3749 3849 12846 12934 12961 12963 12968 12970-12971 12985-12987 12991 13026 13032 13166 13201 13224 13253 13288 13300 13309-13310 13931 13933 13961 13963 13990 13997 14009 14019 14047 14059 14063 14066 14074-14075 14078 14190 14199 14205 14212 14233 14238-14240 14246 14251 14253-14254 14260 14262-14263 14265 14267 14269 14271 14282-14284 14288 14290-14293 14295 14297-14301 14303-14305 14307 14314-14317 14319-14321 14323-14324 14326 14328-14329 14334 14344-14346 14360-14361 14363 14372-14373 14385 14388-14390 14404 14406-14407 14418 14423 14432-14433 14435 14445 14448-14449 14451 14457 14460 14533 14606-14607 14609 14616 14618-14619 14623 14625-14627 14633-14637 14639 14648 14650-14654 14659-14660 14664 14669 14677-14679 14681 14685-14688 14690 14698 14700-14701 14705 14707-14710 14717-14718 14724 14730 14736-14737 14770 15360 15363 15365-15367 15378 15383 15385-15387 15401 15404-15405 15407 15416 15423 15429-15431 15441-15442 15445-15447 15457-15459 15461-15464 15470 15473-15474 15477-15478 15481 15504 15585 15597 15616-15618 15624-15626 15628-15629 15631 15637-15639 15643 15645-15647 15649 15652 15654 15660 15664 15666 15670 15684-15685 15689 15698 15700-15701 15709 15712 15959 20805 20807 20818-20819 20827 20833 20838 20849-20852 20854-20855 20861-20863 20891 20935 20945 20950 20953 20957-20958 20977-20978 20980 20983 21332 21509 21511-21514 21516 21537 21539 21542-21544 21546 21548 21551 21600 21632 21634-21635 21638-21639 21641 21648 21655 21664 21666 21668 21671-21672 21675 21677 21679 21683 21686 21704 22020-22021 22024-22025 22039 22042 22044 22046-22047 22055 22064-22066 22068-22069 22071-22074 22078 22090 22106 22112 22115-22116 22122 22124 22126 22149 22164-22165 22167 22169 22172 22174 22181 22191 22193 22203 22207 22210 22213-22214 22217-22221 22223 22227 22236 22241 22253 22255 22264 22266-22268 22270 22432 22438-22439 23553 23570 23581 23612 23617 23619 23627 23629-23630 23635 23640-23641 23643-23644 23650 23659-23660 23662-23663 23668-23670 23727 23749 23755-23756 23762-23764 23769-23770 23775 23778 23796-23797 23799-23800 23803 23805 23808 23816 23841 23846 23848 23852 23922 23936 23942 23947-23948 23967-23968 23979 24002 24088 24129 24138 24144-24146 24149 24153 24156 24291 24324 24326-24327 24339-24340 24347 24364 24372 24377 24380 24411 24424 24427 24450-24453 24455 24458 24462 24467 24478-24479 24481-24482 24503 24505 24507 24512 24520 24527 24546 24551-24552 28707 28713 28717 28725 28730 28770 28779 28797 28803 28806 28808-28810 28812 28815 28819 28831 28837 28839 28853 28871 28873-28875 28878 28881 28893 28901-28902 28912-28914 28916 28918-28919 28924-28926 28969 28991 29032 29081 29089-29091 29095 29097 29099 29102 29104 29106 29110 29112 29114-29115 29118 29126 29157 29159-29161 29166 29216 29249 29254 29265 29268-29269 29272 29281 29445 29456 29460-29461 29468-29469 29504 29507 29510-29512 29514-29515 29517 29519 29521-29523 29526 29529-29533 29540 29542 29556 29565 29665 29772 29858 29875 29885 29897 30108 30128 30210-30211 30214 30221-30223 30234-30235 30239 30241-30245 30247 30253 30260 30262-30263 30265 30267 30296 30304 30307 30311-30313 30315 30321-30322 30327-30328 30330-30331 30333-30334 30341 30345 30347 30349 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41605 41608 41614 41616 41618-41622 41625-41627 41637 41639-41640 41642-41643 41660-41661 41668 41670-41671 41676-41677 41679 41684-41685 41688-41689 41712-41713 41716 41721-41722 41725 41733 41737-41739 41748-41750 41754-41757 41759 41761-41763 41768-41769 41771-41773 41775 41777-41778 41780-41781 41783 41793-41797 41799 41812-41814 41816-41817 41820 41823-41825 41827 41832-41833 41841 41858 41860 41862 41870 41877 41894 41945 41949 42118 42146-42147 42163 42165-42167 42169-42171 42173-42175 42185 42199 42202-42203 42207 42210-42211 42216-42218 42221 42224 42226-42229 42235 42286-42287 42297 42300 42303 42352 42365 42371 42377-42379 42382 42385-42386 42391-42392 42394 42401 42404-42405 42416-42417 42426 42432 42435 42437-42439 42441 42444-42445 42448-42450 42452 42454-42455 42457 42461 42464 42470 42474 42477 42483 42486 42492 42496-42497 42500-42501 42521 42564 42815 42819-42820 42838 42948 42965 43024-43026 43028 43030 43044 43047 43056-43057 43060 43064 43136 43484 43722https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/278/57?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/278/57/table1Cepheid distance catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCatSource catalog as reported by P21 (Pietrukowicz+ 2021AcA....71..205P) (survey_source) (1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharIDSource ID in the source catalog (survey_source_id)meta.idcharGaiaDR3Gaia source ID (gaia_id)meta.id;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude (glon)degpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-32.8/24.4] Galactic latitude (glat)degpos.galactic.latModeMode of variability from P21 (mode)meta.code;src.varcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexede_muAll[0/0.6] Uncertainty in muAll (e_mu_all)magstat.error;phot.mag.distModfloatPeriod[0.26/68.7] Fundamentalized period of variability from P21 (Pietrukowicz+ 2021AcA....71..205P) (period)dtime.perioddoubleW1magAll[0/15.1] Apparent W1 magnitude from AllWISE after corrections (w1_all)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4um;arith.difffloatmuAll[0/20] Distance modulus based on AllWISE (mu_all)magphot.mag.distModfloatDistAll[0/98815] Distance based on AllWISE (d-all)pcpos.distanceinte_DistAll[0/4429] Uncertainty in DistAll (d-all)pcstat.error;pos.distanceintAw1All[0/1.1] Extinction in W1 from AllWISE (a_all)magphys.absorption;em.IR.3-4umfloatW1magUn[0/15.6] Apparent W1 magnitude from unWISE (w1_un)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatmuUn[0/21.3] Distance modulus based on unWISE (mu_un)magphot.mag.distModfloate_muUn[0/0.12] Uncertainty in muUn (e_mu_un)magstat.error;phot.mag.distModfloatDistUn[0/180882] Distance based on unWISE (d_un)pcpos.distanceinte_DistUn[0/7147] Uncertainty in DistUn (e_d_un)pcstat.error;pos.distanceintAw1Un[0/1.21] Extinction in W1 from unWISE (a_un)magphys.absorption;em.IR.3-4umfloatW1mag[0.3/15.6] Apparent W1 magnitude averaged over AllWISE and unWISE (w1_av)magstat.mean;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatmu[5.67/21.3] Distance modulus based on averaged W1 (mu_av)magphot.mag.distModfloate_mu[0.08/0.6] Uncertainty in mu (e_mu_av)magstat.error;phot.mag.distModfloatDist[136/180882] Distance based on averaged W1 (d_av)pcpos.distanceinte_Dist[6/7147] Uncertainty in Dist (e_d_av)pcstat.error;pos.distanceintAw1[0/1.21] Extinction in W1 based on averaged W1 (a_av)magphys.absorption;em.IR.3-4umfloatAge[14/1243] Age estimate (age)Myrtime.ageintQ[0/42.6]? Quality indicatormeta.code.qualdoublenullableS19Display data from Skowron+ 2019, J/AcA/69/305 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharunWISEDisplay data from unWISE (II/363) within 1"meta.ref.urlchar