J/ApJS/278/34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/278/34CDSBera S.K.Fang T.Sasmal T.K.Kunert-Bajraszewska M.Chen X.,Mondal S.2026-03-16T15:37:14Z2026-03-16T16:30:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesactive-galactic-nucleiredshiftedgalaxy-classification-systemsapparent-magnitudevisible-astronomygalaxy-radiiWe conducted an extensive identification and analysis of various morphological classes and subclasses of radio galaxies using the latest high-resolution data from the second data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey. This paper presents the first results of our large-scale investigation: a new catalog of "winged" radio galaxies (WRGs). These objects represent a fascinating class of irregular radio galaxies, characterized by a pair of secondary radio lobes ("wings") in addition to the primary active lobes. We identified and cataloged 621 new WRGs and 403 additional candidates. Among the confirmed winged sources, 382 are classified as "X"-shaped radio galaxies, while the remaining 239 are "Z"-shaped radio galaxies. We also estimated several basic parameters for these winged sources and performed a Fanaroff-Riley classification. Our results show that the majority of the sources (~88%) exhibit edge- brightened radio lobes and high average radio power (log_10_[P_144MHz_WHz^-1^]=26.25), consistent with an FR II classification. The average spectral index between 144MHz and 1.4GHz is -0.84, which is steeper than that found for previously identified winged sources based on higher-frequency data from the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters survey. This indicates that our study is capable of detecting fainter sources. The median linear size of the winged sources, 498kpc, confirms that these are large-scale structures, with approximately 16% having sizes exceeding 0.7Mpc, making them potential candidates for giant radio galaxies.2025ApJS..278...34Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/278/34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 photometric redshifts (Duncan, 2022)J/AJ/133/2097 : FIRST "Winged" and X-shaped radio sources (Cheung, 2007)J/MNRAS/415/1013 : FR II radio galaxies in SDSS (Koziel-Wierzbowska+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/31 : Morphology for groups in the FIRST database (Proctor, 2011)J/MNRAS/430/3086 : CoNFIG AGN sample (Gendre+, 2013)J/A+A/598/A78 : The GMRT 150MHz all-sky radio survey (Intema+, 2017)J/MNRAS/466/4346 : Properties of extended radio galaxies (Miraghaei+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A104 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (Shimwell+, 2017)J/ApJS/238/9 : Giant radio sources known to date (Kuzmicz+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/47 : "X-shaped" radio sources. I. VLA imaging (Roberts+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/48 : "X-shaped" radio sources. II. (Saripalli+, 2018)J/A+A/622/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey DR1 source cat. (Shimwell+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/17 : X-shaped radio galaxies from FIRST (Yang+, 2019)J/A+A/635/A5 : LoTSS giant radio galaxies. I. (Dabhade+, 2020)J/ApJS/257/30 : BL Lac morphologies with LoTSS-DR2 144MHz (Mooney+, 2021)J/ApJS/259/31 : Head-tail radio gal. from VLA FIRST survey (Sasmal+, 2022)J/A+A/659/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR2 (Shimwell+, 2022)J/A+A/680/A31 : Radio relics in LoTSS-DR2 and PSZ2 (Jones+, 2023)J/A+A/660/A78 : LoTSS-DR2 sample overview release (Botteon+, 2022)J/A+A/678/A151 : LoTSS DR2 optical IDs (Hardcastle+, 2023)J/A+A/691/A287 : LoTSS DR2 restarted radio gal. in HETDEX field (Nair+, 2024)J/A+A/696/A97 : Giant double-double radio gal. from LoTSS (Dabhade+, 2025)J/A+A/699/A338 : LoTSS DR2 visual classifications (Horton+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/34/table2 (The winged radio sources from LoTSS DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.47087528.36066670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/34/table3 (The candidates of winged radio sources from LoTSS DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/34/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.412536.12527780.0055555555555555566/656 661-662 664 688 697 702 723 728 737-738 740 745 747 752 765 897 908 921 934 2048 2056 2059 2087 2097 2105 2143-2144 2151-2152 2173 2179 2191 2198 2202 2213 2216 2218-2220 2223 2229 2232 2251 2253 2264 2278 2285 2292 2307-2309 2318-2319 2323 2327 2332 2357-2358 2366 2369 2371 2377 2403 2409 2411 2451-2453 2467 2563 2565 2568 2571 2587 2594 2598 2608-2609 2619 2625 2627 2629 2633 2635 2646 2648-2649 2664-2666 2691 2694-2695 2702 2704 2706 2710 2713-2715 2721 4607 4827 4851 4956 4958 4975 4984 4998-4999 5002 5017 5022 5039 5045-5046 5073 5093 5095 5099 5117 5207 5210 5224 5234 5263 5265 5295 5300 5313 5321 5328 5340 5366 5402-5403 5413-5414 5463 5471 5476 5481 5485 5498 5501 5503 5507 5523 5531 5536 5549 5558 5560-5561 5567-5569 5575 5584 5592 5601 5613-5614 5629 5633 5635 5638 5641 5644 5647 5652 5659 5662 5670-5671 5676 5681 5707 5717 5721 5725 5734 5759 5768 5771 5795 5809-5810 5812 5814 5819 5834 5850 5869 5876 5888 5898 5905 5916 5922 5924 5929 5933 5937 5945 5956 5966 6013 6033-6034 6038 6043 6045 6047 6077 6082 6089 6095 6103 6107 6114 6119 6127 6139 6215 6221 6223 6249 6350 6407 6421 6446 6450 6465 6469 6473 6489 6495-6496 6499 6506 6516 6524-6525 6548 6553 6562 6598 6601 6613 6617-6618 6645 6647 7169 7175 7192 7200 7203 7206 7223-7224 7237-7239 7250 7260 7262-7263 7267-7268 7272 7277 7280 7294 7301 7304-7305 7310 7320-7321 7327 7330 7344 7348 7361 7370 7382-7383 7386 7389 7400-7401 7426 7428 7432 7447 7462 7475 7483 7485 7487 7501-7502 7512 7524 7526 7529 7564 7567 7572 7575-7576 7580 7590 7617 7619 7766 7772 7774-7775 7792-7793 7936 8895 9047 9050 9069 9074 9079-9082 9085 9104 9108 9110 9117 9120 9124 9128 9132-9133 9138 9185 9190-9191 9195-9196 9198 9200 9208 9298 9302 9309 9311 9313 9320 9323 9330 9336 9341-9342 9362 9385-9386 9390 9394 9398-9399 9402 9406 9412-9413 9416 9429 9437 9442 9450 9453 9456 9489 9526 9536 9538 9540-9541 9545 9550 9556-9557 9563 9568 9570 9583 9585 9588 9599 9602 9604-9605 9608 9621 9624-9625 9632 9644 9648 9650 9655 9658 9674 9681 9697-9698 9735 9744 9754 9763 9767 9797 9799 9803 9814 9822 9826-9827 9841 9849-9850 9859 9869 9874 9879-9880 9886 9891 9893 9898 9903 9916-9917 9919 9926 9928 9931-9932 9934 9951-9952 9954 9959 9966-9967 9974 9981 9983-9985 9988 10000 10029 10031 10043 10117 10131 10136-10138 10141 10145 10157 10161 10163 10165 10170 10210 10218-10219 10255 10268 10278 10285 10287 10299-10300 10313 10317 10319 10323 10325-10326 10330 10334 10337 10344 10365-10366 10371 10374 10385 10392 10394 10396 10413 10416 10425 10427 10435 10439 10441 10447 10454 10459-10460 10463-10464 10466 10494 10507 10511 10515 10517 10521 10523 10525 10537 10539-10540 10545 10560 10568 10572 10590 10593 10595 10597 10600 10610 10612 10618 10627 10630 10632 10652 10665 10667 10673 10682 10684 10693 10699 10703-10704 10706 10716 10722-10723 10731 10741 10745 10761-10762 10765 10774 10776-10777 10779 10782 10789 10797-10798 10815 10820-10821 10823 10825 10834-10835 10839 10845 10848 10852-10853 10860 10884 10900 10902 10906-10907 10910-10911 10916 10918 10942 10945 10947 10958 10965 10979 10982-10983 10986 10991 10996 10998 11001 11008 11028-11029 11038 11040 11050 11071-11072 11078 11087-11088 11092 11110 11118 11126-11128 11132 11134-11135 11143-11145 11154 11158-11159 11161 11165-11166 11185 11204 11207 11209-11212 11232 11234 11245 11249 11254-11256 11267 11275-11276 11288 11303 11305 11322 11332 11336-11337 11340 11342 11345 11348 11355 11361 11363 11366 11379-11380 11386 11390 11392 11398 11418 11433 11441-11442 11468-11469 11471-11472 11477 11490 11493 11507 11537-11538 11558 11562-11563 11575 11581 11586 11616 11626 11652 11654 11658 11672-11673 11679 11681 11686 11696-11697 11714 11781 11792-11794 11796 11806 11812-11813 11816-11817 11828-11829 11831-11832 11835 11839-11840 11844 11846 11849 11851 11857 11859 11864 11873 11881 11890 11906-11907 11911 11916 11923 11925-11926 11928-11929 11933 11938-11939 11944 11950 11970 12038 13312-13313 13364-13365 13378 13381 13399 13430 13434 13444 13458 13461 13473 13476 13493 13499 13506 13523 13532 13544 13569 13572 13583 13600 13699 13840 13846 14890 14982 14997 15003 15009 15026 15029 15036-15037 18425-18426 19452 19705 19709 19796 19801 19806 19809 19811 19835 19847 19849 19854 19860 19862 19865 19867 19877-19878 19882 19885 19895-19896 19908 19915 19917 19925 19928 19936-19937 19941 19944-19945 19951 19953 19955 19965-19966 20039 20056 20058 20068-20069 20077 20085 20087 20092 20115 20123-20125 20129 20159 20161 20163 20176 20180 20187-20188 20194 20198-20199 20205 20217 20237 20249 20252 20282 20285 20289 20294 20307-20308 20313 20317 20324-20325 20332 20338-20339 20342 20344-20346 20351 20361-20362 20369 20376 20382-20384 20390 20403 20413 20415 20435 20438 20441 20459 20464-20465 20468-20469 20477 28147 28155-28156 28493 28504 28506 28514 28526 28541 28583 28589-28590 28607 28612 28619-28620 28628 28654 28670 32510 32601 32670 32677 32683 32685 32693 32696 32698 32701 32715 32721 32723 32725 32732 32736 32750-32751 32755 32757-32758 327609.54153977050123e-26 9.541540560390276e-25https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/278/34?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/278/34/table2The winged radio sources from LoTSS DR2recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/621] Catalog running sequence numbermeta.idintNameShort name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[d] d = source in Proctor 2011, J/ApJS/194/31 (<FCG JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS> in Simbad)meta.codecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[16/68] Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainf_Pos[*] * = this is a radio positionmeta.code;pos;em.radiocharz[0.066/1.64]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablezTypeRedshift type ("PHOT" or "SPEC") (G2)meta.code;src.redshiftcharr_zType[D] D = spectroscopic redshift from DESImeta.ref;src.redshiftcharrmag[13.2/24.6]? Apparent r band magnitude, m_r_magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableRMag[-25.6/-19.8]? Rest-frame R band absolute magnitude, M_R_magphys.magAbs;em.opt.RfloatnullableF144[17/5146] Integrated 144MHz flux density (G3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatIslRMS[0.05/1.22] Island RMS noisemJy/beaminstr.det.noisefloatF1440[3/1167]? Integrated 1.44GHz flux density (G3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzintnullablealpha[-1.52/-0.24]? Spectral index between 144MHz and 1.44GHzspect.index;em.radio.100-200MHz;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullabletheta[34/584] Angular size, {theta}arcsecphys.angSizeintSize[71/1823]? Linear size, lkpcphys.sizeintnullableP144[0.008/154.4]? The 144MHz power1e+26W.Hz**-1phys.luminosity;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublenullableWingSinged source classification (1)src.morph.typecharFRFR classification (II = 453 occurrences; or I = 64 occurrences)src.classcharS17Display data from Shimwell+ 2017, J/A+A/598/A104meta.ref.urlintnullableH23Display data from Hardcastle+ 2023, J/A+A/678/A151 within 30"meta.ref.urlcharDR2Display data from LoTSS DR2 (Shimwell+ 2022, J/A+A/659/A1) within 30"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/278/34/table3The candidates of winged radio sources from LoTSS DR2f_Name[d] d = source in Proctor 2011, J/ApJS/194/31 (<FCG JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS> in Simbad)meta.codecharrmag[12.9/24.3]? Apparent r band magnitude, m_r_magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableRMag[-25.1/-19.8]? Rest-frame R band absolute magnitude, M_R_magphys.magAbs;em.opt.RfloatnullableF144[16.9/8842] Integrated 144MHz flux density (G3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatIslRMS[0.04/1.6] Island RMS noisemJy/beaminstr.det.noisefloattheta[31/358] Angular size, {theta}arcsecphys.angSizeintSize[2/1620]? Linear size, lkpcphys.sizeintnullableCommComment (s)meta.notecharS17Display data from Shimwell+ 2017, J/A+A/598/A104meta.ref.urlintnullableH23Display data from Hardcastle+ 2023, J/A+A/678/A151 within 30"meta.ref.urlcharDR2Display data from LoTSS DR2 (Shimwell+ 2022, J/A+A/659/A1) within 30"meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/403] Catalog running sequence numbermeta.idintNameShort name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[17/68] Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainf_Pos[*] * = this is a radio positionmeta.code;pos;em.radiocharz[0.00016/1.22]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublenullablezTypeRedshift type ("PHOT" or "SPEC") (G2)meta.code;src.redshiftcharr_zType[D] D = spectroscopic redshift from DESImeta.ref;src.redshiftchar