J/ApJS/278/10ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/278/10CDSNeha S.Sharma S.2026-03-03T13:13:26Z2026-03-03T14:02:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometrytwo-color-diagramsvariable-starsThe variability of young stellar objects (YSOs) is a crucial tool for understanding the mechanisms driving flux changes. In this study, we present an infrared variability analysis of a large sample of over 20,000 candidate YSOs, using data from the ALLWISE and NEOWISE surveys, which span around a decade with a 6 month cadence. We applied Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis and linear fitting to the light curves, classifying them into distinct categories: secular (linear, curved, and periodic) and stochastic (burst, drop, and irregular). Our findings show that 5467 (26.2%{\pm}0.3%) of the sources exhibit variability, with most (19.7%{\pm}0.3%) showing irregular variations, followed by curved and periodic variations. In addition, 235 burst sources and 122 drop sources were identified. Variability is more pronounced in Class I sources with a higher fraction of variables (36.3%{\pm}0.6%) compared to Class II (22.1%{\pm}0.4%) and Class III (22.5%{\pm}1.0%) sources. The color (W1-W2) versus magnitude analysis (W2) using linear fitting shows that the "redder-when-brighter" trend is more prevalent (85.4%{\pm}0.5%) among YSOs. In contrast, the "bluer-when-brighter" (BWB) trend is more common in younger sources compared to more evolved ones, having a BWB fraction of 29.0%{\pm}1.1% for Class I to 4.0%{\pm}0.9% for Class III.2025ApJS..278...10Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/278/10CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)II/365 : The CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)J/AJ/121/3160 : JHK photometry near the Trapezium region (Carpenter+, 2001)J/ApJ/733/50 : Mid-IR phot. monitoring of the ONC (Morales-Calderon+, 2011)J/A+A/557/A77 : VR light curves of AA Tau in 2007-2013 (Bouvier+, 2013)J/AJ/145/59 : Opt. and mid-IR photometry of PTF 10nvg (Hillenbrand+, 2013)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/3 : NIR photometry variability in {rho} Oph (Parks+, 2014)J/AJ/150/132 : JHK photometry of 1203 variables in ONC (Rice+, 2015)J/MNRAS/465/3011 : VVV high amplitude NIR var. stars (Contreras Pena+, 2017)J/ApJ/854/170 : Methanol (CH_3_OH) & OH masers in NGC 6334I (Hunter+, 2018)J/AJ/155/99 : IR var. among YSOs in Serpens South cluster (Wolk+, 2018)J/ApJ/883/6 : WISE LCs of Red MSX massive YSOs (Uchiyama+, 2019)J/MNRAS/495/3614 : IR and sub-mm variability in protostars (Contreras+, 2020)J/ApJS/254/33 : Gal. midplane Spitzer/IRAC cand. YSOs (SPICY) (Kuhn+, 2021)J/ApJ/920/132 : NEOWISE 6.5yr variability in YSOs (Park+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/10https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/10GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/10/table2 (Variability statistics of individual objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/10/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/10/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/10/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true194.32172889-62.972786940.0055555555555555564/1801 1803 1806-1807 1891 2652 5/3242 3567 3578 3585 3588-3589 3600 3661 3666-3667 3670 3672-3674 3907-3910 7183 7201-7203 7208-7209 7216 7218-7219 7222-7223 7266 7272 7274-7275 7278 7376-7378 7382-7383 7554 7560-7561 7578-7579 7604-7605 7648 7651 7654 7661 7672-7673 7678-7679 9335 9341 9343 9429 9431 9438 9460 9462 9468 9470 9475-9476 9480-9482 9504 9506 9812 9814 9820 9822 9844 10399 10413-10414 10419-10421 10424 10441-10445 10450-10451 10453 10539 10542-10543 10552-10554 10556 10593-10595 10597-10600 10604 10612 10614-10615 10617 10624-10625 10753 10756 10760 6/12972 12974-12975 12986-12987 14266-14267 14307 14336-14337 14361 14364-14365 14404 14406-14409 14411-14414 14621-14623 14652-14653 14655 14659 14662-14663 14674 14684 14686 14700-14701 14704-14706 15621-15623 15625 15627 15644-15646 15680-15682 15688 28718-28719 28729-28731 28776 28778-28779 28801-28803 28845 28847 28868 28870-28871 28882-28883 29070 29092 29094-29095 29116 29118-29119 29162-29166 29204-29205 29265 29268-29269 29440-29442 29445 29456-29457 29460-29461 29463 29471 29516-29518 29520 29522-29523 29526-29527 29557-29559 29565 30208-30210 30214 30220 30222-30223 30235-30236 30238-30239 30248-30249 30282 30306-30307 30328 30330-30331 30334 30353 30356 30401 30404-30405 30428-30429 30598-30601 30603 30620 30622-30623 30640-30641 30666-30667 30697 30700-30701 30703-30704 30706-30707 30710 32085 37247 37333-37335 37363 37369 37371 37713 37715 37721 37723 37745-37750 37756 37758 37839 37844 37846 37852 37854 37861 37863 37869 37871 37876 37884 37886 37891 37893-37895 37897 37899 37908 37910 37912 37914 37932 37934 38020 38048 38050 38056 39247 39252 39254 39260 39262 39269 39271 39277 39279 39284 41595 41631 41647 41651 41660-41662 41669-41671 41673-41675 41688-41689 41700 41755 41758-41759 41763 41784 41798-41799 41809-41811 41816-41818 41820-41821 41824-41825 41856 42147 42151 42153-42155 42165-42167 42186-42187 42190 42203 42206-42207 42220-42222 42228-42230 42299 42302-42303 42346 42351 42360 42362-42363 42370-42371 42385-42387 42404-42406 42409 42420 42422 42454-42455 42467 42480 42505 42508-42509 42512-42513 42517 42560-42561 43011 43017-43022 43028 43044 430483.830199579824256e-20 4.8065244008477756e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/278/10?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/278/10/table2Variability statistics of individual objectsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWISEAYSO name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[125.6/346.5] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[-64/62.3] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedSED[-2.6/4.8]? Spectral index for YSO class (1)spect.indexfloatnullableClassYSO class (1)src.classcharNp[16/21] Number of data points in WISE W2 band light curvemeta.numberintW2magAvg[6/13.7] Mean magnitude in WISE W2 band light curvemagphot.mag;stat.mean;em.IR.4-8umfloatW2magMed[5.8/13.7] Median magnitude in WISE W2 band light curvemagphot.mag;stat.median;em.IR.4-8umfloatsigW2Flux[0.016/601] Standard deviation (flux) in WISE W2 band light curvestat.stdev;phot.flux;em.IR.4-8umdoubleerrW2Flux[0.096/81.1] Uncertainty (flux) in WISE W2 band light curvestat.error;phot.flux;em.IR.4-8umdoubledelW2mag[0.02/3.8] Magnitude difference between brightest and faintest magmagphot.mag;arith.diff;em.IR.4-8umfloatPeriod[199/8334] Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP) period (see Section 3.1)dtime.perioddoubleFLP[0/1] Flase alarm probability in LSP bootstrappingstat.fit.goodness;src.vardoubleslope[-0.22/0.18] Slope in linear fit to the light curvestat.fit;arith.zpdoublee_slope[1.8e-05/0.2] Uncertainty in slopestat.error;stat.fit;arith.zpdoubler-value[-0.99/0.98] Spearman rank correction coefficient of slopestat.correlationfloate_r-value[0.006/0.5] Uncertainty in r-valuestat.error;stat.correlationfloatp-value[1.1e-11/0.7] p-value of Slopestat.probabilitydoublee_p-value[1e-10/0.4] Uncertainty in p-valuestat.error;stat.probabilitydoubleW1-W2slope[-350.5/41.5] Slope in color (W1-W2) vs magnitude W2 diagramarith.diff;phot.color;em.IRfloate_W1-W2slope[0.01/12620] Uncertainty in W1-W2slopestat.error;arith.diff;phot.colordoubleRank[-1/0.99] Pearson rank correlation coefficient of slope-colorstat.correlationfloatp-valueCol[4.5e-18/1] P-value of slope-colorstat.probabilitydoubleLCType