J/ApJS/276/21ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/276/21CDSTian D.-C.Yang Y.Wen Z.-L.Xia J.-Q.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2025-12-04T09:05:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersredshiftedvisible-astronomysloan-photometryBuilding a comprehensive catalog of galaxy clusters is a fundamental task for studies on structure formation and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we present Cluster Optical Search using Machine Intelligence in Catalogs (COSMIC), an algorithm utilizing machine learning techniques to efficiently detect galaxy clusters. COSMIC involves two steps, the identification of the brightest cluster galaxies and the estimation of cluster richness. We train our models on galaxy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the WHL galaxy cluster catalog. Validated against test data in the region of the northern Galactic cap, the COSMIC algorithm demonstrates high completeness when crossmatching with previous cluster catalogs. Richness comparison with previous optical and X-ray measurements also demonstrates a tight correlation. Our methodology showcases robust performance in galaxy cluster detection and holds promising prospects for applications in upcoming large-scale surveys. The COSMIC codes are published on https://github.com/tdccccc/COSMIC.2025ApJS..276...21Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/276/21CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)II/357 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 1 (Abbott+, 2018)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)J/ApJ/660/239 : MaxBCG cat. of galaxy clusters from SDSS (Koester+, 2007)J/ApJS/183/197 : Galaxy clusters identified from the SDSS-DR6 (Wen+, 2009)J/ApJS/191/254 : GMBCG galaxy cluster catalog from SDSS DR7 (Hao+, 2010)J/ApJ/736/21 : Galaxy clusters opt. cat. from AMF on SDSS DR6 (Szabo+ 2011)J/ApJS/199/34 : Clusters of galaxies in SDSS-III (Wen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/436/275 : Relaxation param. of 2092 rich galaxy clusters (Wen+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/147 : Richness of galaxy clusters (Oguri, 2014)J/ApJS/216/27 : Galaxy clusters with the SPT-SZ survey (Bleem+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/178 : Rich galaxy clusters identified in SDSS-DR12 (Wen+, 2015)J/ApJS/224/1 : redMaPPer cluster catalog from DES data (Rykoff+, 2016)J/MNRAS/481/4158 : 1959 massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts (Wen+, 2018)J/ApJS/253/3 : Sunyaev-Zel'dovich galaxy clusters with ACT (Hilton+, 2021)J/ApJS/253/56 : Galaxy clusters from the DESI surveys. I. (Zou+, 2021)J/A+A/668/A99 : Gaia DR3 quasar and galaxy classification (Hughes+, 2022)J/MNRAS/513/3946 : Clusters of galaxies from DES*unWISE data (Wen+, 2022)J/MNRAS/526/3757 : RASS-MCMF catalog (Klein+, 2023)J/A+A/685/A106 : eRASS. Galaxy clusters and groups in WGH (Bulbul+, 2024)J/A+A/688/A210 : eRASS. Opt. properties of clusters and groups (Kluge+, 2024)J/A+A/688/A187 : MCXC Second release (MCXC-II) (Sadibekova+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/276/21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/276/21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/276/21https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/276/21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/276/21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/276/21GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/276/21/table1 (Clusters of galaxies identified from the test data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/276/21/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/276/21/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/276/21/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.002881119.345620.0055555555555555564/1703 1712 1714-1715 1720-1721 1723-1724 1726-1727 5/1093 1104-1105 1107-1110 1113 6807 6837 6854 6874 6889 6902 7082 6/4369 4381 4424-4425 4427 4444 4449 4464 5120 27049-27052 27054-27055 27221-27223 27225-27227 27237-27239 27245 27345 27357 27408 27410-27411 27420 27422-27423 27488 27490-27491 27500 27502-27503 27553 27565 27600 27602 27612 27614-27615 28320 28322-28323 28332https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/276/21?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/276/21/table1Clusters of galaxies identified from the test datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/3652] Sequential Cluster IDmeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[150/160] Right Ascension, of BCG (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[6e-05/20] Declination, of BCG (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzcl[0.03/0.75] Cluster redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublerBCGmag[13.34/21.31] r-band AB magnitude of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleR[10/130] Cluster Richnesssrc.class.richnessdoubler500[0.44/1.3] Cluster RadiusMpcphys.size.radiusdoubleM500[0.46/9] Derived cluster mass1e+14solMassphys.massdoubleNgal[6/94] Number, member galaxies within r500meta.numberintOtherReference notes for previously known clusters (1)meta.bibchar